Bouchard v. King

870 F. Supp. 269

Linda BOUCHARD and Joseph Bouchard, Plaintiffs, v. Scott KING, Bruce King, Mark Thompson, Thompson Rental, Inc., a domestic company, and State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, a foreign company, Defendants.

Civ. No. 5-94-29.

United States District Court, D. Minnesota, Fifth Division.

November 28, 1994.

Michael T. Tierney, Hutchinson & Marquard, Duluth, MN, for plaintiffs.

Brian R. McCarthy, Crassweller Magie Andresen Haag & Paciotti, Duluth, MN, for defendants Scott King, Bruce King, Mark Thompson and State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co.

David M. Weiby, Witkin Weiby Maki Durst & Ledin, Superior, WI, for defendant Thompson Rental, Inc.

MEMORANDUM ORDER

ERICKSON, United States Magistrate Judge.

I. Introduction

This matter came before the undersigned United States Magistrate Judge pursuant to the consent of the parties, as authorized by Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C), upon an informal Motion by the Defendant State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company ("State Farm"), to be dismissed as a named party-Defendant.¹

The Motion has been submitted on letter briefs, with the Plaintiffs appearing by Michael T. Tierney, Esq.; the Defendant Thompson Rental, Inc., by David M. Weiby, Esq.; and the Defendants Scott King, Bruce King, Mark Thompson, and State Farm, by Brian R. McCarthy, Esq.

For reasons which follow, we grant State Farm's Motion to be dismissed, without prejudice, as a party-Defendant.²

II. Factual and Procedural Background

This action arises from a two-car accident that occurred in Duluth, Minnesota, on August 14, 1993. The Plaintiffs are both Minnesota residents, while the Defendants King are residents of the State of Wisconsin. At the time of the accident, the Defendant Scott King was in the course and scope of his employment with Thompson Rental, Inc., which is a Wisconsin corporation, and he was driving a vehicle that was owned by the Defendant Mark Thompson, who is also a Wisconsin resident. State Farm is the liability insurer for the Defendants King, and the Defendant Mark Thompson, and it is a business entity that was incorporated under the laws of Illinois.

Originally, the Plaintiffs commenced this action in the State Circuit Court in Douglas County, Wisconsin. Consistent with the statutory law of Wisconsin, the Plaintiffs named State Farm as a party-Defendant, since Wisconsin permits a direct action to be commenced against a liability insurer. See, Wisconsin Statutes Sections 632.24³ and 803.04(2). The Defendants then removed the action, on diversity grounds, to the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin. At the initial Pretrial Conference before the District Court, the parties stipulated to a change of venue, pursuant to Title 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a),⁴ and the suit was transferred to this Court.

During the initial Pretrial Conference before this Court, counsel for State Farm, as joined by counsel for the remaining Defendants, questioned the propriety of the Plaintiff's joinder, in an action pending in the State of Minnesota, of the liability insurer of certain of the Defendants. Relying upon the statutory laws of Wisconsin, the Plaintiffs resist the Defendants' Motion to Dismiss State Farm as a party-Defendant.

III. Discussion

Our analysis of the issues before us is made somewhat more complicated by the fact that the Wisconsin Legislature has enacted two statutes which, when construed in tandem, permit a direct action to be pled against liability insurers for the negligence of their insureds. Mech v. General Cas. Co. of Wisconsin, 410 N.W.2d 317, 320 (Minn.1987). One of these enactments, Wisconsin Statutes Section 803.04(2)(a)⁵ allows for the permissive joinder of an insurer, in an action based upon the assertedly negligent acts of its insured and, as such, the statute has been classified as procedural in character. Davis v. Furlong, 328 N.W.2d 150, 152 (Minn.1983), citing Anderson v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 222 Minn. 428, 24 N.W.2d 836 (1945); Oertel v. Williams, 214 Wis. 68, 251 N.W. 465 (1934). The other enactment, Wisconsin Statutes Section 632.24,⁶ makes the insurer directly liable for the negligent acts of its insureds and, as such, has been categorized as substantive in nature. Mech v. General Cas. Co. of Wisconsin, supra at 320; Davis v. Furlong, supra at 152. Given the differing nature of the statutes at issue, our analysis is bifurcated.

A. Wisconsin Statutes Section 803.04(2)(a). Of course, as a procedural measure, the Federal Courts, which are, as here, considering non-Federal questions that arise in the context of a diversity action, will apply the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See, Walker v. Armco Steel Corp., 446 U.S. 740, 749-50, 100 S.Ct. 1978, 1983-85, 64 L.Ed.2d 659 (1980); Hanna v. Plumer, 380 U.S. 460, 469-71, 85 S.Ct. 1136, 1142-44, 14 L.Ed.2d 8 (1965); Sayre v. Musicland Group, Inc., 850 F.2d 350, 352 (8th Cir.1988); Gobuty v. Kavanagh, 795 F.Supp. 281, 289 (D.Minn.1992). As a matter of pure pleading, the Federal Courts of this District do not permit the joinder of insurers, in actions against their insureds, and neither do the Courts of the State of Minnesota. See, Mech v. General Cas. Co. of Wisconsin, supra at 320; Davis v. Furlong, supra at 153. As a general proposition, we need not accede to the laws of a foreign jurisdiction on issues of pleading, practice and procedure. See, generally, 5 Wright and Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1204 at p. 82 (1990), and cases cited therein. Accordingly, we find no basis, in the procedural provisions of Section 803.04(2), to permit State Farm to be named as a party-Defendant in an action venued in the Federal Courts of Minnesota. See, Wheeler v. Harvey, 1985 WL 2476 *2 (D.Minn.1985).⁷ We, therefore, turn our analysis to Wisconsin's substantive enactment.

B. Wisconsin Statutes Section 632.24. At the outset, we ascribe to the view that, prior to becoming enmeshed in the "messy issues of conflicts of laws," the Court should satisfy itself that there is a difference between the relevant laws of the different states. See, Jean v. Dugan, 20 F.3d 255, 260 (7th Cir.1994), citing Barron v. Ford Motor Co. of Canada, Ltd., 965 F.2d 195, 197 (7th Cir.1992), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 113 S.Ct. 605, 121 L.Ed.2d 541 (1992); see also, United States Fire Insurance Co. v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., 920 F.2d 487, 490 (8th Cir.1991). Necessarily, such an appraisal is driven by an "outcome determinative" analysis. American States Ins. Co. v. Mankato Iron & Metal, Inc., 848 F.Supp. 1436, 1443 (D.Minn.1993); H Enterprises Intern., Inc. v. General Elec. Capital Corp., 833 F.Supp. 1405, 1414, 1420 (D.Minn.1993), citing Cargill Inc. v. Products Supply Co., 627 F.Supp. 1492, 1495 (D.Minn.1986); Carlock v. Pillsbury Co., 719 F.Supp. 791, 826-27 (D.Minn.1989), citing Surgidev Corp. v. Eye Technology, Inc., 648 F.Supp. 661, 679-80 (D.Minn.1986), aff'd, 828 F.2d 452 (8th Cir. 1987). If the difference in the State laws would not affect the ultimate rights of the parties, then a conflict in the laws is not presented. Id.

In this respect, the law of Minnesota has long held that "an injured person possesses no direct cause of action against the insurer of the tortfeasor prior to recovery of judgment against the latter." Miller v. Market Mens Mutual Insurance Co., 262 Minn. 509, 115 N.W.2d 266, 268 (Minn.1962); see also, Drake v. Ryan, 514 N.W.2d 785, 789 (Minn. 1994) (judgment must be obtained against the insured to reach the insurer because Minnesota does not have a direct action statute); Anderson v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Inc., 414 N.W.2d 575, 576 (Minn.App.1987); Davis v. Furlong, supra at 152. Nevertheless, there can be no legitimate doubt as to State Farm's obligation to indemnify its insureds for any judgment that the Plaintiffs should secure against them. As a consequence, we can perceive little, in the way of a practical difference, between permitting a direct action lawsuit against an insurer, as it is allowed in Wisconsin, and requiring the injured party to first secure a Judgment against the insured before proceeding against that insured's liability insurer—particularly when the collection proceeding against the insurer is rarely an eventuality.

In this case, neither party has identified any outcome determinative conflicts between the laws of Minnesota and those of Wisconsin and, therefore, the laws of the forum State— Minnesota—should be applied. Ziolkowski v. Caterpillar, Inc., 800 F.Supp. 767, 778 (E.D.Wis.1992), aff'd 996 F.2d 1220 (7th Cir. 1993). While, arguably, our analysis should properly end at this juncture, with a deployment of Minnesota's preclusion against direct action insurance claims, we proceed with a consideration of the choice of the laws issue —primarily in the interests of completeness.

Under firmly established precedent, when an action is transferred, pursuant to Title 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a), the transferee Court will apply the conflicts of law provisions of the State in which the transferor Court was located. Ferens v. John Deere Co., 494 U.S. 516, 523, 110 S.Ct. 1274, 1279-80, 108 L.Ed.2d 443 (1990). Accordingly, we apply the conflicts law of the State of Wisconsin, which was the locus of the transferring Court, in order to assure that the transfer, which was effectuated under Section 1404(a), will produce no more than "a change of courtrooms." In this respect, Wisconsin conflict of law principles require a Wisconsin Court—and, therefore, this Court under Ferens —to defer to the interests of a State that has a substantial concern with the litigation, at least when Wisconsin's concern is minimal.⁸ See, Spearing v. National Iron Co., 770 F.2d 87, 90 (7th Cir.1985), citing Hunker v. Royal Indemnity Co., 57 Wis.2d 588, 204 N.W.2d 897, 903-04 (1973).

We are satisfied, given the circumstances of this case, that a Wisconsin Court would apply the substantive law of the State of Minnesota.⁹ Indeed, the application of Wisconsin's direct...