Commonwealth v. Key

270 A.3d 1148 (Table)

COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania

v.Eugene William KEY, III, Appellant

No. 599 WDA 2021

Superior Court of Pennsylvania.

Filed December 20, 2021

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:

Appellant, Eugene William Key, III, appeals from the May 11, 2021 order dismissing his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act ("PCRA"), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9542 - 9546. We vacate the order and, for the reasons set forth infra , we vacate Appellant's three judgments of sentence and remand the cases to the trial court for resentencing in accordance with this memorandum.

A review of the record demonstrates that on September 25, 2019, Appellant pleaded guilty to persons not to possess, use, manufacture, control, sell, or transfer firearms, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(a)(1), and to manufacture, delivery, or possession with the intent to manufacture or deliver a controlled substance, 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30), at trial court docket CP-02-CR-0010331-2017 ("Case 10331-2017"). N.T., 9/25/19, at 3, 8. At the same proceeding, Appellant also pleaded guilty to manufacture, delivery, or possession with the intent to manufacture or deliver a controlled substance, 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30), at trial court docket CP-02-CR-0002916-2018 ("Case 2916-2018"), and the same criminal charge ( 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30) ) at trial court docket CP-02-CR-0006076-2018 ("Case 6076-2018"). N.T., 9/25/19, at 2-3, 8. At Case 10331-2017, the trial court imposed an aggregate sentence of three to six years' incarceration in a state correctional facility followed by five years' probation.¹ Order of Sentence, 9/25/19. The trial court awarded Appellant credit for 31 days of incarceration at Case 10331-2017.² Id.

At Case 6076-2018, the trial court imposed a sentence of three to six years' incarceration in a state correctional facility followed by five years' probation; both the period of incarceration and the period of probation were to run concurrently with the period of incarceration and the period of probation imposed at Case 10331-2017, respectively. Id. at 15.³ The same sentence was imposed at Case 2916-2018. Id. at 16. At Case 6076-2018, Appellant received a credit of 346 days for time served,⁴ and, at Case 2916-2018, he received a credit of 344 days for time served.⁵ Id. at 15-16.

Appellant did not appeal his judgment of sentence at Case 10331-2017. As such, his judgment of sentence became final on October 25, 2019. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3) (stating, "[a] judgment becomes final at the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of the time for seeking the review"); see also Pa.R.A.P. 903(a) (requiring a notice of appeal to be filed within 30 days after entry of an order from which an appeal is taken). On June 19, 2020, Appellant filed pro se a "petition for correction of the record due to [a] clerical error" raising a claim that the trial court failed to properly award credit for time served. See Appellant's Pro Se Petition, 6/19/20. The trial court properly treated Appellant's pro se petition as a PCRA petition. See Commonwealth v. Hromek , 232 A.3d 881, 884 (Pa. Super. 2020) (holding that, regardless of how a filing is titled, a petition should be treated as filed under the PCRA if it is filed after the judgment of sentence becomes final and seeks relief provided under the PCRA); see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(vii) (providing collateral relief under the PCRA based upon the "imposition of a sentence greater than the lawful maximum"); Commonwealth v. Gibbs , 181 A.3d 1165, 1166 (Pa. Super. 2018) (holding that, a claim asserting that the trial court failed to properly award credit for time served implicates the legality of the sentence). The PCRA court appointed counsel to represent Appellant, and an amended PCRA petition was filed on December 29, 2020.⁶

On May 5, 2021, the PCRA court notified Appellant, pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907, of its intent to dismiss Appellant's petition without a hearing and provided Appellant 20 days in which to file a response. See PCRA Court Rule 907 Notice, 5/5/21.⁷ On May 7, 2021, Appellant filed objections to the PCRA court's Rule 907 notice. The PCRA court subsequently dismissed Appellant's PCRA petition on May 11, 2021. PCRA Court Order, 5/11/21. This appeal followed.⁸

Appellant raises the following issue for our review: Whether "[t]he PCRA [c]ourt erred in denying relief, where [Appellant] was not awarded proper credit for time served, resulting in an illegal sentence[?]" Appellant's Brief at 4.

In addressing Appellant's issue, we are mindful of our well-settled standard and scope of review of a PCRA court's dismissal of a PCRA petition. Proper appellate review of a PCRA court's dismissal of a petition is limited to the examination of "whether the PCRA court's determination is supported by the record and free of legal error." Commonwealth v. Miller , 102 A.3d 988, 992 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation omitted). "The PCRA court's findings will not be disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the certified record." Commonwealth v. Lawson , 90 A.3d 1, 4 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citations omitted). "This Court grants great deference to the findings of the PCRA court, and we will not disturb those findings merely because the record could support a contrary holding." Commonwealth v. Hickman , 799 A.2d 136, 140 (Pa. Super. 2002) (citation omitted). In contrast, we review the PCRA court's legal conclusions de novo. Commonwealth v. Henkel , 90 A.3d 16, 20 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc ), appeal denied , 101 A.3d 785 (Pa. 2014).

Here, Appellant claims the trial court imposed an illegal sentence because it failed to properly award credit for time served. Appellant's Brief at 11-14. Appellant contends he "is entitled to credit for all [the] time he spent detained while awaiting sentencing on this case from October 17, 2018[,] up to the date he entered his guilty plea and was sentenced on September 25, 2019."⁹ Id. at 12. Appellant asserts that the trial court accepted the plea agreement, which called for the sentences in his three cases to run concurrently, but, then, the trial court awarded credit for time served from October 17, 2018, until September 25, 2019, as part of the judgment of sentence imposed in only two of the three cases, effectively rejecting the plea agreement. Id. at 13. Appellant argues that "if his time already served is only applied to [the judgments of sentence in Case 2916-2018 and Case 6076-2018], then his [judgment of] sentence in [Case 10331-2017] was not fully concurrent, as [he] envisioned when accepting the plea." Id.

In dismissing Appellant's PCRA petition without a hearing, the PCRA court explained,

[Appellant's] claim is essentially that he did not receive credit for the time between [October 30, 2018, and September 25, 2019]. [Appellant's] time-credit claim lacks merit because he did receive credit for that contested time period - it was just applied to the 2018 cases [(Case 6076-2018 and Case 2916-2018)] that he was sentenced for on the same day. Moreover, the sentences imposed at [Case 6076-2018 and Case 2916-2018] were ordered to run concurrently with the sentence imposed at [Case 10331-2017]. While he was certainly not entitled to double credit, [the trial] court did exercise its discretion and awarded time credit for the period he spent incarcerated between [October 30, 2018, and September 25, 2019,] at both the 2018 cases at the time of sentencing. Accordingly, the record is clear that the claimed period[-]of[-]time credit did not remain unaccounted for and that [Appellant] received full credit for all [ ] the time he spent incarcerated prior to sentencing. [Appellant] does not cite to any legal authority in support of his claimed entitlement to triple credit[,] and the law is clear that he is not entitled to duplicate credit for unrelated charges, notwithstanding the concurrent sentencing scheme.

PCRA Court Rule 907 Notice,¹⁰ 5/5/20, at 2-3 (record citations and formatting omitted, emphasis added).

Section 9760 of the Pennsylvania Sentencing Code governing how a trial court applies credit for time served states, in pertinent part,

(1) Credit against the maximum term and any minimum term shall be given to the defendant for all time spent in custody as a result of the criminal charge for which a prison sentence is imposed or as a result of the conduct on which such a charge is based. Credit shall include credit for time spent in custody prior to trial, during trial, pending sentence, and pending the resolution of an appeal.

...

(4) If the defendant is arrested on one charge and later prosecuted on another charge growing out of an act or acts that occurred prior to his arrest, credit against the maximum term and any minimum term of any sentence resulting from such prosecution shall be given for all time spent in custody under the former charge that has not been credited against another sentence.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9760(1) and (4). This Court has held that "a defendant shall be given credit for any days spent in custody prior to the imposition of sentence, but only if such commitment is on the offense for which sentence is imposed. Credit is not given, however, for a commitment by reason of a separate and distinct offense." Commonwealth v. Richard , 150 A.3d 504, 520-521 (Pa. Super. 2016) (original quotation marks omitted), citing Commonwealth v. Clark , 885 A.2d 1030, 1034 (Pa. Super. 2005). "While in cases involving a multitude of offenses occurring in quick succession determining which sentences a defendant is entitled to credit for presentence detainment becomes more difficult, the general rule regarding the inquiry seems simple enough - a defendant is entitled to credit only once for presentence detainment." Commonwealth v. Davis , 852 A.2d 392, 400 (Pa. Super. 2004) (emphasis added; citation omitted), appeal denied , 686 A.2d 1197 (Pa. 2005). When credit for time served is attributed...