Chapter 10
for the
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Updated and Revised by
Sean P. Duffy
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
Washington, D.C.
The Section of Antitrust Law gratefully acknowledges Peter D. Isakoff, Esq., Carrie
M. Anderson, Esq., Morgan F. Frontczak, Esq., Jeanne M. Forch, Esq., James R.
Loftis III, Esq., Holly E. Loiseau, Esq., Christopher J. MacAvoy, Esq., Donald
Resnikoff, Esq., James W. Robertson, Esq., Bennett Rushkoff, Esq., and Steven B.
Steinborn, Esq. for their work on this chapter in prior editions.
District of Columbia 10-iii
CONTENTS
1.
Introduction .................................................................................................... 1
1.a.
Overview ........................................................................................... 1
1.b.
Sources of Law–Statutes and Other .................................................. 2
1.d.
Relation to Federal Law .................................................................... 3
1.e.
Remedies ........................................................................................... 5
1.f.
Enforcement ...................................................................................... 5
2.
The Per se Rule and the Rule of Reason ......................................................... 5
3.
Horizontal Agreements Other Than Group Boycotts ..................................... 6
3.a.
Price Fixing ....................................................................................... 6
3.b.
Market Allocation ............................................................................. 7
3.c.
Customer Allocation ......................................................................... 8
3.d.
Bid Rigging ....................................................................................... 9
3.e.
Covenants Not to Compete ............................................................... 9
4.
Group Boycotts ............................................................................................. 10
4.a.
Concerted Refusals to Deal ............................................................. 10
4.b.
Expulsion or Exclusion from Membership in Trade
Associations or Other Groups ......................................................... 10
5.
Resale Price Maintenance ............................................................................. 11
5.b.
Monsanto Rule ................................................................................ 11
5.c.
Impact of Leegin ............................................................................. 11
6.
Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Intrabrand ...................................................... 12
7.
Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Interbrand ...................................................... 12
8.
Tying Arrangements ..................................................................................... 12
9.
Dual Distribution .......................................................................................... 12
10.
Intracorporate Conspiracy............................................................................. 13
11.
Monopolization ............................................................................................. 13
11.b.
Attempts to Monopolize .................................................................. 13
11.c.
Monopoly Leveraging ..................................................................... 14
11.d.
Predatory Pricing ............................................................................. 14
11.e.
Conspiracy to Monopolize .............................................................. 14
12.
Mergers ......................................................................................................... 14
13.
Discrimination & Other Single Firm Pricing Regulation ............................. 15
14.
Exemptions and Defenses to Antitrust Liability ........................................... 16
14.a.
Statutory Exemptions and Defenses ................................................ 16
14.a.1.
State Action .................................................................. 16
14.a.4.
Statute of Limitations ................................................... 17
14.a.5.
Preemption ................................................................... 17
14.a.6.
Labor ............................................................................ 19
14.a.7.
Insurance ...................................................................... 19
14.a.8.
Agriculture ................................................................... 19
14.a.15.
Public Utilities ............................................................. 20
14.a.19.
Professional Associations ............................................ 20
14.a.20.
Charitable Institutions .................................................. 20
