Ex parte Burton, 04-17-00440-CV

EX PARTE Peter BURTON

No. 04-17-00440-CV

Fourth Court of Appeals San Antonio, Texas

December 19, 2018

MEMORANDUM OPINION

From the 438th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2016CI09461

Honorable Renée A. Yanta, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

Sitting: Sandee Bryan Marion, Chief Justice Marialyn Barnard, Justice Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

AFFIRMED

Appellant Peter Burton appeals the trial court's denial of his petition for expunction of records filed on June 6, 2016, in Bexar County cause number 2016-CI-09461. Burton's petition addressed seven Bexar County cause numbers: 1988CR1233, 1988CR5829, 424045, 429011, 1989CR4817, 1989CR3745, and 1990CR0765A. The trial court granted Burton's petition for expunction in cause numbers 1988CR1233 and 1988CR5829; the trial court further ordered "all requests for expunction not specifically granted in this ORDER are DENIED."

Because Burton failed to prove he was entitled to the requested expunctions, we affirm the trial court's order.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

A. Burton's Petition

On June 6, 2016, Burton filed his Petition setting forth seven cause numbers, six different arrest dates, and seven offenses.

1988CR1233

11/18/1988

Unauthorized Use/Motor Vehicle

1988CR5829

12/14/1988

Aggravated Robbery/Deadly Weapon

424045

12/16/1988

Evading Arrest

429011

02/20/1989

Evading Arrest

1989CR4817

06/29/1989

Possession of Cocaine/under 28 grams

1989CR3745

06/29/1989

Possession of Prohibited Firearm

1990CR0765A

02/15/1990

Unauthorized Use/Motor Vehicle

On July 14, 2016, the Bexar County District Attorney's Office filed an original answer denying each allegation and demanding Burton provide proof of his entitlement to the requested expunctions.

B. The Appellate Record

The record before this court includes several certified copies of various motions and orders pertaining to Burton.

In cause number 1988CR5829, the motion to dismiss filed on March 14, 1989, indicates the court found there was insufficient evidence to proceed against Burton. "Continued investigation of surrounding circumstances of this offense indicates insufficient corroboration [in light of his co-defendant's conviction] to support conviction."

On August 8, 1988, the trial court's order dismissing cause number 1988CR1233, affirms the charges were dismissed because "the evidence at this time is insufficient to bring the charge against the defendant."

On December 12, 1990, the trial court signed an order dismissing cause numbers 429011 and 424045 based on Burton already being "sentenced to two consecutive life sentences."

Finally, in cause numbers 1990CR0765A, 1989CR4817, and 1989CR3745, the record indicates the trial court dismissed all three charges, on December 26, 1990, based on sentences pronounced in other cases. All three motions to dismiss read as follows:

Defendant has four other convictions:

Poss. Cocaine (MTR)

10 yrs

Robb. Bodily Injury

12 years

Agg. Robb W DW

35 years

Agg Robb WDW

Life (stacked)

C. The Hearing

On June 15, 2017, both parties appeared before the trial court.¹ The State announced its agreement to Burton's first two requested expunctions: (1) cause number 1988CR1233, unauthorized use of a motor vehicle, alleged to have occurred on November 18, 1988; and (2) cause number 1988CR5829, aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon, alleged to have occurred on December 14, 1988. The trial court granted the expunction in each cause.

With regard to the next four cause numbers, the State raised the same complaint. In cause numbers 429001 and 424045, Burton was charged with evading arrests, alleged to have been committed on December 16, 1988, and February 20, 1989, respectively; and cause numbers 1989CR4817 and 1989CR3745, Burton was charged with possession of cocaine and a prohibited firearm, both alleged to have been committed on June 29, 1989. On each motion to dismiss and order signed by the trial court, the case was dismissed because Burton was convicted in different cases. The State argued these charges were dismissed because Burton was found guilty in other charges and Burton was therefore not entitled to an expunction.

On the last cause, cause number 1990CR0765A, Burton attached an order to the Sheriff of Bexar County which supports the case was dismissed pursuant to order of the trial court. It was signed on December 26, 1990. Although Burton contends this cause number corresponds with an unauthorized use of a motor vehicle charge, alleged to have been committed on February 15, 1990, the State asserted it was not in possession of any charges matching the information provided by Burton. As such, Burton failed to prove his entitlement to an expunction on the charge.

The trial court denied Burton's requested expunctions as to the remaining charges set forth in his petition for expunction and this appeal ensued.

PETITION FOR EXPUNCTION

A. Standard of Review

An appellate court reviews a trial court's ruling on a petition for expunction under an abuse of discretion standard. Ex parte Green, 373 S.W.3d 111, 113 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2012, no pet.). However, "[t]o the extent a ruling on expunction turns on a question of law, we review the ruling de novo because '[a] trial court has no "discretion" in determining what the law is or applying the law to the facts.'" Id. (second alteration in original) (quoting Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 840 (Tex. 1992)). Statutory construction is a question of law. City of Rockwall v. Hughes, 246 S.W.3d 621, 625 (Tex. 2008); City of San Antonio v. Caruso, 350 S.W.3d 247, 250 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2011, pet. denied).

When construing statutory language, our primary objective is to "ascertain and give effect to the Legislature's intent." Caruso, 350 S.W.3d at 250; accord Hughes, 246 S.W.3d at 625. "Words and phrases that have acquired a technical or particular meaning, whether by legislative definition or otherwise, shall be construed accordingly." TEX. GOV'T CODE ANN. § 311.011(b); see Hughes, 246 S.W.3d at 625. "Otherwise, we construe the statute's words according to their plain and common meaning, unless a contrary intention is apparent from the context, or unlesssuch a construction leads to absurd results." Hughes, 246 S.W.3d at 625-26 (citations omitted); accord Caruso, 350 S.W.3d at 250. In construing the statutory language, we read the statute as a whole and interpret it so as to give effect to every part, and we presume the legislature intended a just and reasonable result. See TEX. GOV'T CODE ANN. § 311.021; Caruso, 350 S.W.3d at 250.

Although provided for in the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, "[a]n expunction proceeding is civil rather than criminal in nature." Green, 373 S.W.3d at 113 (citing Tex. Dep't of Pub. Safety v. J.H.J., 274 S.W.3d 803, 806 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.)). "The petitioner therefore carries the burden of proving that all statutory requirements have been satisfied." J.H.J., 274 S.W.3d at 806. A petitioner cannot meet his burden of proving compliance with all statutory requirements for expunction of criminal records with mere allegations in a verified pleading. Ex parte K.R.K., 446 S.W.3d 540, 544 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2014, no pet.) (noting that "allegations in a petition seeking expunction are not evidence"). Further, a petitioner is not entitled to expunction simply because the State did not pursue the specific charges for which the petitioner was originally arrested. Ex parte Barham, 534 S.W.3d 547, 551 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2017, no pet.). That fact, without more, does not demonstrate that the original charges were wrongful. Id. In such circumstances, additional information must be provided to demonstrate that the original charges were wrongful before a petitioner may obtain expunction under subsection (a)(2) of article 55.01. Id.

B. Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 55.01

Expunction is a statutory privilege, not a constitutional or common-law right; therefore, the petitioner is not entitled to the expunction remedy unless he meets all the requirements set forth in article 55.01. See Green, 373 S.W.3d at 113; T.C.R. v. Bell Cnty. Dist. Attorney's Office, 305 S.W.3d 661, 663 (Tex. App.—Austin 2009, no pet.); J.H.J., 274 S.W.3d at 806. Each statutory provision is mandatory and a petitioner is entitled to expunction only upon a showing that eachand every statutory condition has been met. J.H.J., 274 S.W.3d at 806. "The trial court must strictly comply with the statutory requirements, and it has no equitable power to expand the remedy's availability beyond what the legislature has provided." T.C.R., 305 S.W.3d at 663; accord J.H.J., 274 S.W.3d at 806. Conversely, if the petitioner fully complies with article 55.01(a), the court must grant the expunction petition. T.C.R., 305 S.W.3d at 664.

Section 55.01 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure sets forth the requirements and procedures to expunge an individual's criminal record. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. § 55.01. Burton alleged in his petition that he was entitled to expunctions on each charge because "the indictment was dismissed or quashed;" "Petitioner has been released from the charge(s);" and "[t]he Limitations period of the charge(s) expired before the date on which [this] petition for expunction was filed." See id. § 55.01(a)(2).

C. Burton's Petition for Expunction

We remain mindful that allegations in a petition seeking expunction are not evidence. Ex parte Guajardo, 70 S.W.3d 202, 206 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001, no pet.). Burton bore the "burden of proving that all of the statutory requirements were satisfied." Green, 373 S.W.3d at 113 (citing State v. Knight, 813 S.W.2d 210, 212 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1991, no writ)); J.H.J., 274 S.W.3d at 806. In other words, Burton "was required to provide some evidence in addition to his verified pleading in order to carry his burden of proof." Cf. S.P.S. v. State, No. 03-09-00151-CV, 2010 WL 668884, at *1 (Tex. App.-Austin Feb. 26,...