Hays v. United States

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

SIDNEY A. FITZWATER SENIOR JUDGE

Movant Mark Linnear Hays (“Hays”) moves under Fed.R.Civ.P. 52(b) and 59(e) to alter or amend the court's July 28, 2021 judgment dismissing his motion for habeas relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 or to amend findings. For the reasons that follow, the court denies the motion.

I

The court assumes the parties' familiarity with the prior opinion in this case, see Hays v. United States, 2021 WL 3195483 (N.D. Tex. May 13, 2021) (Rutherford, J.), report and rec. adopted, 2021 WL 3190433 (N.D. Tex. July 28, 2021) (Fitzwater, J.), and limits its discussion of the background facts and procedural history to what is necessary to understand this decision.

On June 20, 1996 a jury convicted Hays on charges of conspiracy to commit Hobbs Act robbery, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371 (count one); Hobbs Act robbery, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a) (count two); (3) using a firearm during a crime of violence, in violation

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of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1) (count three); and (4) being a felon in possession of a firearm, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) (count five).

The government sought mandatory life sentences on counts two and three under 18 U.S.C. § 3559(c), the federal “three strikes” law. To support the imposition of the enhancement, the government noticed the following convictions: (1) a 1982 conviction for California burglary and possession of a deadly weapon; (2) a 1982 conviction for California armed robbery with a firearm; (3) a 1993 conviction for California armed robbery committed on or about April 18, 1992; (4) a 1993 conviction for California armed robbery committed on or about June 15, 1992; and (5) a 1992 California conviction for possession/manufacturing/sale of a dangerous weapon.

The court sentenced Hays to 60 months' imprisonment on count one; 120 months' imprisonment on count five; and mandatory life sentences on counts two and three, under 18 U.S.C. § 3559(c).

On December 9, 2019 Hays, then proceeding pro se, sought authorization from the Fifth Circuit to file a successive § 2255 motion under United States v. Davis, U.S., 139 S.Ct. 2319 (2019), and also protectively-filed a third successive § 2255 motion in this court. Hays argued, inter alia, that his life sentences under 18 U.S.C. § 3559(c) are unconstitutional in light of Davis. The Fifth Circuit granted Hays authorization to file his successive § 2255 petition, but it qualified its consent as “tentative” and directed this court to dismiss Hays's motion without reaching the merits if it determined that Hays failed to satisfy the requirements of filing such a motion.

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On July 28, 2021, following de novo review, the court adopted the May 13, 2021 findings, conclusions, and recommendation of the United States Magistrate Judge and entered a final judgment dismissing with prejudice Hays's motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. See Hays, 2021 WL 3190433, at *1. The court concluded that it lacked jurisdiction to review the merits of Hays's motion because “Hays has not demonstrated that it was more likely than not that the Court relied solely on the residual clause [of § 3559(c)] when sentencing Hays to life imprisonment on counts two and three under § 3559(c).” Hays, 2021 WL 3195483, at *6 (citing, inter alia, Beeman v. United States, 871 F.3d 1215, 1221 (11th Cir. 2017)).

The court also held that Hays's motion should be dismissed on the alternative ground that “Hays further fails to demonstrate that his [§ 3559(c)] claim relies on the new rule announced in Davis because he has not shown that [Davis'] holding regarding § 924(c)'s residual clause extends to § 3559(c)'s residual clause.” Id.^[1]

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Hays now moves under Rules 52(b) and 59(e) to alter or amend the judgment and to amend findings, contending that the court erred in concluding that Hays has not demonstrated that the court relied on the residual clause of § 3559(c) when sentencing him to life imprisonment. The government opposes the motion.

II

To prevail on a Rule 59(e) motion to alter or amend a judgment, the moving party must show (1) an intervening change in controlling law; (2) the availability of new evidence not previously available; or (3) a manifest error of law or fact. See Schiller v. Physicians Res. Grp., Inc., 342 F.3d 563, 567 (5th Cir. 2003). A Rule 59(e) motion is “not the proper vehicle for rehashing evidence, legal theories, or arguments that could have been offered or raised before the entry of judgment.” Templet v. HydroChem Inc., 367 F.3d 473, 479 (5th Cir. 2004). Although courts have “considerable discretion” to grant or to deny a Rule 59(e) motion, they use the “extraordinary remedy” under Rule 59(e) “sparingly.” Id. at 479, 483. When considering a motion to alter or amend the judgment, “[t]he court must strike the proper balance between two competing imperatives: (1) finality, and (2) the need to render just decisions on the basis of all the facts.” Edward H. Bohlin Co. v. Banning Co., 6 F.3d 350, 355 (5th Cir. 1993).

Likewise, Rule 52(b) provides that a court “may amend its findings-or make additional findings-and may amend the judgment accordingly.” Rule 52(b). The purpose of a Rule 52(b) motion “is to correct manifest errors of law or fact or, in some limited situations, to present newly discovered evidence.” Fontenot v. Mesa Petroleum Co.,

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791 F.2d 1207, 1219 (5th Cir. 1986). A Rule 52(b) motion should not “be employed to introduce evidence that was available at trial but was not proffered, to relitigate old issues, to advance new theories, or to secure a rehearing on the merits.” Garcia v. Stephens, 2015 WL 6561274, at *2 (N.D. Tex. Oct. 29, 2015) (Lynn, J.) (quoting Fontenot, 791 F.2d at 1219).

III

A

Hays has neither presented newly discovered evidence nor showed a change in controlling law. Instead, he argues that the court erred in finding that “the record does not state whether the Court deemed [Hays's prior] offenses to be ‘serious violent felonies' under the enumerated-offenses clause, the elements clause, or the residual clause [of § 3559(c)].” Hays, 2021 WL 3195483, at *6. And Hays contends that this erroneous factual finding concerning the record caused the court to hold erroneously that Hays failed to show that it was more likely than not that the court relied solely on the residual clause of § 3559(c) when sentencing him to life imprisonment.

Hays maintains that the court's finding is a manifest error because it overlooks two parts of the record: First, Hays contends that the court overlooked an exchange between the court and government counsel at sentencing in which the court asked whether it was the government's position that, even without the 1993 California robbery convictions-which Hays contended were not final convictions for the purposes of § 3559(c)-there would still be two predicate prior crimes of violence to support Hays's life sentence. Second, Hays posits that the court overlooked the Addendum to the Presentence Investigation Report

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(“PSR Addendum”), which referenced U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1, ^[2] to support the court's conclusion that Hays qualified for a career offender sentencing enhancement under § 4B1.1.

The government responds that Hays is not entitled to relief under Rule 52(b) or 59(e) because, inter alia, Hays has failed to establish a manifest error of fact or law that warrants reconsideration. The government contends that Hays cannot seek relief by making “a new argument, based on evidence in the current record, that he failed to raise in the multitudinous briefs, responses, and replies he filed in this case.” Gov't Resp. at 3.

B

The court agrees that Hays has not shown any manifest error of law or fact that would entitle him to relief under either Rule 52(b) or 59(e).

Hays has...