Hong Wang v. New York State Division of Human Rights

177 A.D.3d 1127

113 N.Y.S.3d 366

In the Matter of HONG WANG, Appellant,

v. NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, Respondent,andPrecision Extrusion, Inc., et al., Respondents.

527578

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department, New York.

Calendar Date: October 15, 2019

Decided and Entered: November 21, 2019

FitzGerald Morris Baker Firth PC, Glens Falls (John D. Aspland Jr. of counsel), for appellant.

Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, New York City (Gregory M. O'Neil of counsel), for Precision Extrusion, Inc. and others, respondents.

Before: Lynch, J.P., Clark, Devine and Pritzker, JJ.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Devine, J. Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court (Muller, J.), entered July 25, 2018 in Warren County, which dismissed petitioner's application, in a proceeding pursuant to Executive Law § 298, to review a determination of respondent State Division of Human Rights finding no probable cause to believe that respondents Precision Extrusion, Inc., Pexco, LLC and All–West Plastics, Inc. had engaged in an unlawful discriminatory practice relating to employment.

Petitioner, a woman of Chinese origin, was a shareholder and executive of respondent Precision Extrusion, Inc. (hereinafter PEI). In 2015, PEI was acquired by respondent All–West Plastics, Inc., a subsidiary of respondent Pexco, LLC. Petitioner entered into an agreement to continue working at the merged company. She resigned in January 2017, after which Pexco, All–West and PEI (hereinafter collectively referred to as Pexco) sued her on various grounds. She then filed a complaint with respondent State Division of Human Rights (hereinafter SDHR), charging that Pexco had engaged in unlawful discriminatory practices based upon her age, sex, race and national origin.

Following an investigation, SDHR found no probable cause to believe that unlawful discriminatory practices had occurred. Petitioner commenced this proceeding to challenge that determination. Supreme Court dismissed the petition, finding that SDHR's determination was supported by a rational basis and that no other irregularities warranted its annulment. Petitioner appeals.

SDHR is free to dismiss a complaint without conducting a formal hearing where it finds no probable cause to conclude that an employer engaged in discriminatory practices, and we will only disturb that determination "if it is arbitrary, capricious or lacks a rational basis" ( Matter of Curtis v. New York State Div. of Human Rights, 124 A.D.3d 1117, 1117–1118, 3 N.Y.S.3d 138 [2015] ; see Matter of Momot v. Rensselaer County, Hudson Val. Community Coll., 57 A.D.3d 1069, 1070, 868 N.Y.S.2d 396 [2008], lv denied 12 N.Y.3d 709, 2009 WL 1259053 [2009] ). Those flaws are present in a determination that stems from "an inadequate or abbreviated investigation" by SDHR ( Flinker v. State Div. of Human Rights, 123 A.D.2d 578, 579, 507 N.Y.S.2d 12 [1986] ), such as one in which the agency does not afford the complainant "a full and fair opportunity to present evidence on his [or her] behalf and to rebut the evidence presented by the employer" ( Matter of Murphy v. Russell Sage Coll., 134 A.D.2d 716, 717, 521 N.Y.S.2d 199 [1987] ; see Matter of Ufland v. New York State Div. of Human Rights, 167 A.D.3d 1509, 1510, 90 N.Y.S.3d 768 [2018] ; Matter of Chirgotis v. Mobil Oil. Corp., 128 A.D.2d 400, 403, 512 N.Y.S.2d 686 [1987], lv denied 69 N.Y.2d 612, 517 N.Y.S.2d 1027, 511 N.E.2d 86 [1987] ). Petitioner argues, among other things, that she was deprived of that opportunity when SDHR refused to consider her response to the notes of a one-party conference at which various individuals associated with Pexco gave their accounts of her tenure with the firm.

We agree. The record reflects that SDHR transmitted the conference notes to counsel for petitioner and directed her to respond by October 26, 2017. Counsel emailed a lengthy response on that date, making a point-by-point rebuttal to the accounts of the Pexco officials and requesting that SDHR obtain specific emails from Pexco to corroborate petitioner's claims. The determination was issued the next day and made no mention of the response, with SDHR later acknowledging that the response was not considered because it was sent after business hours and was deemed to be untimely.¹ SDHR...