House v. State

61 N.E.3d 1230

Ricky R. HOUSE, Jr., Appellant–Defendant,

v.STATE of Indiana, Appellee–Plaintiff.

No. 65A01–1511–CR–1979.

Court of Appeals of Indiana.

Sept. 30, 2016.

James H. Voyles, Jennifer M. Lukemeyer, Voyles Zahn & Paul, Indianapolis, IN, Attorney for Appellant.

Gregory F. Zoeller, Attorney General of Indiana, Ellen H. Meilaender, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellee.

BARNES, Judge.

Case Summary

[1] Ricky House appeals his convictions for three counts of Level 1 felony rape, two counts of Level 5 felony criminal

confinement, and one count each of Level 5 felony kidnapping, Class A misdemeanor battery resulting in bodily injury, and Class A misdemeanor pointing a firearm. We affirm.

Issue

[2] House raises one issue, which we restate as whether the trial court properly excluded evidence of the victim's prior drug usage.

Facts

[3] House and his girlfriend, Kendra Tooley, lived in a trailer in Stewartsville that did not have running water. House told Tooley that he had a fantasy about abducting a woman and raping her.

[4] On July 9, 2014, J.L. was living in a shelter in southern Indiana. She was walking back to the shelter in the early evening when House stopped to talk to her. J.L. knew House and Tooley because she had previously worked with Tooley. House asked if J.L. wanted to go with him to see Tooley, and House agreed to bring J.L. back to the shelter before her midnight curfew. J.L. went to House's trailer where she smoked marijuana with House and Tooley and drank alcohol.

[5] As J.L. was getting ready to leave so that House could return her to the shelter, House “came at” her and placed a rag soaked with chloroform on her face. Tr. p. 286. J.L. lost consciousness and, when she woke up, she was naked, blindfolded, had zip ties on her wrists and ankles, and was tied “spread eagle” on a bed. Id. at 287. House repeatedly sexually assaulted J.L. over the next fifty-eight days. Sometimes Tooley would hold J.L.'s head and force her to give House oral sex. House and Tooley made J.L. wear a belt, dog collar, and leash. About halfway through the fifty-eight days, House constructed a wooden cage in the trailer. House and Tooley would place J.T. in the cage and lock the door with a padlock. If J.T. did exactly what was asked of her, she would be allowed to sit on the couch and watch TV. Either House or Tooley was with J.T. at all times. When J.T. screamed and struggled, House told her “to shut up or he would shoot [her], kill [her].” Id. at 289. House and Tooley repeatedly threatened to shoot or “sell” J.L. Id. at 291. House burned J.L.'s purse and other possessions. According to J.L., House and Tooley regularly consumed marijuana and methamphetamine during this time period.

[6] On September 4, 2014, Ronald Higgs came to the trailer to visit Tooley, who was his ex-wife. Tooley was having back pain and had asked Higgs to bring her painkillers. When Higgs arrived, Tooley told him that they were keeping a woman in a cage in the next room. House gave J.T. a t-shirt to wear and brought her out of the cage. Higgs did not recognize J.L., who “looked like a whipped dog,” was wearing a dog collar, had a rope hanging down her back, was disheveled, and “had a slight odor to her.” Id. at 398. Tooley told J.L., “The rules don't change because [Higgs] is here.” Id. at 439. Eventually, J.T. was able to tell Higgs that she “didn't want to be there” and that “they wouldn't let [her] leave.” Id. at 320. On September 6, 2014, Higgs was leaving and gave House and Tooley $100 and said that he was taking J.T. with him. House and Tooley refused to let J.L. leave with Higgs and said, “She is not going nowhere.” Id. at 421. Higgs and House got into a physical altercation, while Tooley grabbed the dog collar and tried dragging J.L. back to the cage. House retrieved a gun, which he pointed at Higgs. Higgs ultimately convinced House that J.L. was leaving with him. Higgs took J.L. to his apartment in Evansville where she showered, ate, and called her mother. J.L.'s mother contacted the police, who had been looking for J.L.

[7] The State charged House with sixteen counts: (1) Level 1 felony rape; (2) Level 1 felony rape; (3) Level 1 felony rape; (4) Level 1 felony rape; (5) Level 1 felony rape; (6) Level 1 felony rape; (7) Level 1 felony conspiracy to commit rape; (8) Level 3 felony criminal confinement; (9) Level 5 felony criminal confinement; (10) Level 3 felony criminal confinement; (11) Level 5 felony criminal confinement; (12) Level 3 felony kidnapping; (13) Level 5 felony kidnapping; (14) Level 3 felony conspiracy to commit criminal confinement; (15) Class A misdemeanor battery resulting in bodily injury; (16) Class A misdemeanor pointing a firearm.

[8] The State filed a motion in limine to prevent House from presenting any evidence of prior drug or alcohol usage by the State's witnesses. The trial court granted the motion “without objection” by House and directed that, if House intended to offer any such evidence, he would first seek permission of the trial court outside of the presence of the jury. App. V. II. p. 10. At the jury trial, J.L. testified regarding her use of marijuana, alcohol, methamphetamine, and Valium during her captivity. Regarding the methamphetamine, she testified that she used it twice, once by smoking it and once by injecting it. She testified that she injected it because “I have used drugs in the past and I have used it like that before” and injecting the drug can increase the effect. Tr. p. 367. House did not seek to introduce evidence concerning J.L.'s prior drug usage during her testimony. At the close of his case-in-chief, House recalled J.L. to make an offer of proof regarding her prior drug usage. The jury found House guilty as charged.

[9] The trial court later vacated the verdicts on Counts 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 14, leaving judgments for Count 2 (Level 1 felony rape), Count 4 (Level 1 felony rape), Count 6 (Level 1 felony rape), Count 9 (Level 5 felony criminal confinement), Count 11 (Level 5 felony criminal confinement), Count 13 (Level 5 felony kidnapping), Count 15 (Class A misdemeanor battery resulting in bodily injury), and Count 16 (Class A misdemeanor pointing a firearm). The trial court sentenced House to thirty years on each of the Level 1 felony convictions, three years on each of the Level 5 felony convictions, and one year on each of the Class A misdemeanor convictions. The trial court ordered the sentences for Counts 2, 4, 6, and 13 to be consecutive and the remainder of the sentences to be served concurrently for an aggregate sentence of ninety-three years. House now appeals.

Analysis

[10] House argues that the trial court abused its discretion by excluding evidence of J.T.'s prior drug usage. The exclusion of evidence rests within the sound discretion of the trial court, and we review the exclusion of evidence only for an abuse of discretion. Griffith v. State, 31 N.E.3d 965, 969 (Ind.2015). Even if a trial court errs by excluding evidence, “we will not overturn the conviction if the error is harmless.” Id. An error is harmless if “the probable impact of the evidence upon the jury is sufficiently minor so as not to affect a party's substantial rights.” Id.; see Ind. Trial Rule 61.

[11] House argues that the trial court should have admitted evidence of J.L.'s prior drug use because “the addiction evidence support[ed] House's claim that [J.L.'s] usage, and thus other conduct, was voluntary while at the trailer” and “it also explained her motive for being and staying at the trailer.” Appellant's Br. p. 13. According to House, the addiction evidence created an “inference of voluntariness.” Id. at 14.

[12] The State first responds that the issue is waived because House failed to object to the motion in limine and never asked the trial court to revisit the ruling or to admit the evidence. A motion in limine is appropriate to determine the admissibility of evidence outside of the jury's hearing in order to avoid prejudice. Miller v. State, 716 N.E.2d 367, 370 (Ind.1999). In order to preserve an error for appellate review, however, a party must do more than challenge the ruling on a motion in limine. Id. The evidence must be offered at trial to give the trial court an opportunity to rule on its admissibility at that time. Id. A party traditionally makes an offer to prove after the trial court has sustained an objection to the admission of the party's evidence. Harman v. State, 4 N.E.3d 209, 216 (Ind.Ct.App.2014), trans. denied.

[13] Here, House did not object to the motion in limine. During J.L.'s testimony, he did not attempt to question her regarding her prior drug usage and did not raise the issue with the trial court. At the end of presenting his case-in-chief, House made an offer of proof regarding J.L.'s prior drug usage. Before making the offer of proof, House's counsel said, “We expect your ruling will be it is not coming in.” Tr. p. 1021. The trial court said, “It is not coming in,” and House's counsel commented, “I may make such a compelling offer, Your Honor.” Id. Trial counsel then stated, “Well, maybe it is coming in.” Id. J.L. later testified outside the presence of the jury that her substance abuse issues with methamphetamine began in 2005, that she had been to rehab on three occasions, and that she had relapsed after each rehab. House did not revisit the admissibility of the evidence with the trial court, and the trial court never commented on its admissibility. We question whether House used...