In re Lemon

625 B.R. 47

IN RE: Garielle Nicole LEMON, Debtor.

Case No. 19-46937

United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Michigan, Southern Division.

Signed on January 19, 2021

OPINION AND ORDER DENYING THE DEBTOR'S MOTION TO REOPEN BANKRUPTCY CASE

Thomas J. Tucker, United States Bankruptcy Judge

This case is before the Court on the Debtor's motion, filed January 11, 2021, entitled "Ex-Parte Motion to Reopen Chapter 7 Case to Allow Entry of the Certificate of Completion of the Financial Management Course" (Docket # 20, the "Motion"). The Motion seeks to reopen this case to enable the Debtor to file a Financial Management Course Certificate (the "Certificate"), and then receive a discharge. The Motion was filed almost 15 months after this case was closed. For the following reasons, the Court will deny the Motion.

A. Background

With the assistance of her attorney, the Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 7 on May 7, 2019, commencing this case. That same day, the Clerk issued a notice that the first meeting of creditors would be held on June 12, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (Docket # 5, the "Notice"). On May 8, 2019, the Notice was served by the Bankruptcy Noticing Center by email on the Chapter 7 Trustee, the Debtor's attorney, and some of the creditors, and on May 9, 2019, the Notice was served by the Bankruptcy Noticing Center by mail on the Debtor, and the remainder of the creditors (Docket # 6).

Under Fed. R. Bankr. P. 1007(b)(7)(A),¹ 1007(c),² and 4004(c)(1)(H),³ and 11 U.S.C. § 727(a)(11),⁴ to obtain a discharge under 11 U.S.C. § 727, the Debtor was required to file a Certificate "within 60 days after the first date set for the meeting of creditors," which meant that the deadline was August 12, 2019.⁵

The Debtor failed to file the Certificate by the August 12, 2019 deadline, or at any time thereafter while the case remained open. The Debtor also failed to file a motion to extend the deadline to file the Certificate.

On October 21, 2019, after the case had been fully administered, the case was closed without a discharge, due to the Debtor's failure to file the Certificate. (Docket # 17.) Notice of the Final Decree entered that day (Docket # 18) was served on the Debtor's counsel by e-mail on October 21, 2019, through the Court's ECF system. And a notice that the Debtor's bankruptcy case had been closed without a discharge was served by the Bankruptcy Noticing Center by mail on October 23, 2019 on all creditors, and on the Debtor. (Docket # 18). Such notice stated: "All creditors and parties in interest are notified that the above-captioned case has been closed without entry of discharge as Debtor(s) did not file Official Form 423, Certification About a Financial Management Course." (Id .)

Almost 15 months later, on January 11, 2021, the Debtor filed the Motion (Docket # 20). The Motion states, in relevant part:

Although Debtor completed all requirements of their Chapter 7 case, a Certificate of Completion of the Financial Management Course was not filed in a timely fashion (as required by Bankruptcy Rule 1007(b)(7) ) and, as a result, the Chapter 7 case was closed without entry of the Discharge Order.

(Mot. at ¶ 2 (italics in original).) Also on January 11, 2021, the Debtor filed a Certificate which states:

I CERTIFY that on January 7, 2021, at 7:03 o'clock PM PST, Garielle Lemon completed a course on personal financial management given by internet by Sage Personal Finance, a provider approved pursuant to 11 U.S.C. 111 to provide an instructional course concerning personal financial management in the Eastern District of Michigan.

(Docket # 21 (underlining in original).)

B. Discussion

The Motion does not allege or demonstrate any reason, let alone a valid excuse, (1) why the Debtor failed to timely complete the financial management course and file the required Certificate, almost 17 months ago; or (2) why the Debtor waited almost 15 months after this case was closed before she moved to reopen it.

Section 350(b) of the Bankruptcy Code, Federal Bankruptcy Rule 5010,⁶ and Local Bankruptcy Rule 5010-1⁷ govern motions to reopen a case for the purpose of filing a Certificate. Bankruptcy Code Section 350(b) states that "a case may be reopened in the court in which such case was closed to administer assets, to accord relief to the debtor, or for other cause." 11 U.S.C. § 350(b). Here, in essence, the Debtor seeks to reopen the case to move for an order granting the Debtor a retroactive extension of time to file the Certificate, so the Debtor can obtain a discharge.

"It is well settled that decisions as to whether to reopen bankruptcy cases ... are committed to the sound discretion of the bankruptcy judge ...."

Rosinski v. Rosinski (In re Rosinski ), 759 F.2d 539, 540-41 (6th Cir. 1985) (citations omitted). "To make the decision, courts may consider ‘the equities of each case with an eye toward the principles which underlie the Bankruptcy Code.’ " In re Chrisman , No. 09-30662, 2016 WL 4447251, at *1 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio August 22, 2016) (citation omitted). The Debtor has the burden of establishing that "cause" exists to reopen this case. See id. (citing Rosinski , 759 F.2d 539 (6th Cir. 1985) ).

Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)(3) states, in relevant part, that "the court may enlarge the time to file the statement required under Rule 1007(b)(7) [(the Certificate)] ... only to the extent and under the conditions stated in Rule 1007(c). Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9006(b)(3). Bankruptcy Rule 1007(c), in turn, permits a bankruptcy court "at any time and in its discretion, [to] enlarge the time to file the statement required by subdivision (b)(7) [of Bankruptcy] Rule 1007(c) [(namely, a Certificate)]." Fed. R. Bankr. P. 1007(c). However, with an exception not applicable here, any such extension "may be granted only on motion for cause shown and on notice to the United States trustee, any committee elected under § 705 or appointed under § 1102 of the Code, trustee, examiner, or other party as the court may direct." Fed. R. Bankr. P. 1007(c) (emphasis added).

Several reported bankruptcy cases, including cases decided by the undersigned judge, have considered whether "cause" exists to grant a debtor's motion to reopen a case to file a Certificate after the debtor's case was closed without a discharge. Such cases apply a four-part test, and have denied the motion where the Debtor had not completed a post-petition financial management course and filed the motion to reopen and a Certificate within a relatively short time after the case was closed. The four factors that these cases have considered are: "(1) whether there is a reasonable explanation for the failure to comply; (2) whether the request was timely; (3) whether fault lies with counsel; and (4) whether creditors are prejudiced." See , e.g. , In re Barrett, 569 B.R. 687, 690-92 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2017) (applying the 4-part test and denying a debtor's motion to reopen to file a Certificate where the debtor had not completed the post-petition financial management course and did not file the motion to reopen and Certificate until more than 8 years after the case was closed); In re Chrisman , No. 09-30662, 2016 WL 4447251, at *2-3 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio Aug. 22, 2016) (denying a debtor's motion to reopen to file a Certificate where the debtor had not completed the post-petition financial management course and did not file the motion to reopen and Certificate until more than 7 years after the case was closed); In re McGuiness , No. 08-10746, 2015 WL 6395655, at *2, 4 (Bankr. D.R.I. Oct. 22, 2015) (more than 7 year delay); In re Johnson , 500 B.R. 594, 597 (Bankr. D. Minn. 2013) (more than 4 year delay); cf. In re Heinbuch , No. 06-60670, 2016 WL 1417913, *3-4 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio April 7, 2016) (approximately 7 year delay).

This Court has denied motions to reopen in numerous cases, where the delay ranged from 10 months to more than 11 and a half years. See In re Aziz , 622 B.R. 694 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2020) (delay of four years and eight months); In re Smith , 620 B.R. 888 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2020) (delay of two and a half years); In re Suell , 619 B.R. 642 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2020) (delay of almost two years); In re Raza , 617 B.R. 290 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2020) (delay of 11 and a half years); In re Locklear , 613 B.R. 108 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2020) (delay of nearly 12 months); In re Jackson , 613 B.R. 113 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2020) (delay of 13 months); In re Szczepanski, 596 B.R. 859 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2019) (delay of more than 15 months); In re Lockhart , 582 B.R. 1 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2018) (delay of more than 1 year); Barrett, 569 B.R. at 688 (delay of more than 8 years) ; In re Kessler , 588 B.R. 191 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2018) (delay of 5 years); In re Moore , 591 B.R. 680 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2018) (delay of 10 months); In re Garnett , 579 B.R. 818, 823 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2018) (delay of more than 5 and one half years); In re Rondeau , 574 B.R. 824 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2017) (delay of more than 3 years); In re Wilson , 575 B.R. 783 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2017) (delay of almost 15 months); In re Whitaker , 574 B.R. 819 (Bankr. E.D. Mich 2017) (delay of 11 months); In re Bragg , 577 B.R. 265 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2017) (delay of almost 11 months).

The Court will apply this four-factor approach in this case. The Court finds that the Debtor has not shown either cause to reopen this case, or cause to grant the Debtor a retroactive extension of almost 17 months of the deadline to file the Certificate.

Factor 1: whether there is a reasonable explanation for the failure to comply

The Motion does not allege or demonstrate any valid excuse, (1) why the Debtor failed to timely complete the financial management course and file the required Certificate, by the August 12, 2019 deadline, which almost 17 months ago; or (2) why the Debtor waited almost 15 months after this case was closed on October 21, 2019 before she moved to reopen it. This factor, therefore, weighs against granting the Motion.

The Motion states that the Certificate "was not...