In re Marti

169 N.H. 185

145 A.3d 133

APPEAL OF Carlos MARTI (New Hampshire Compensation Appeals Board)

No. 2015–0342

Supreme Court of New Hampshire.

Argued: February 10, 2016

Opinion Issued: June 28, 2016

Shaheen & Gordon, P.A., of Manchester (Jared O'Connor on the brief and orally), for the petitioner.

Hamblett & Kerrigan, PA, of Nashua (J. Daniel Marr and Andrew J. Piela on the brief, and Mr. Marr orally), for the respondent.

HICKS, J.

The petitioner, Carlos Marti, appeals a decision of the New Hampshire Compensation Appeals Board (CAB) dismissing his claim for reinstatement to his employment with the respondent, Nashua Foundries, Inc. We vacate and remand.

The following facts were found by the CAB or appear in the record. The petitioner was hired by the respondent on October 8, 2013. On August 6, 2014, the petitioner injured his elbow at work. He informed the respondent's president of his injury, was given an over-the-counter medication, and returned to work. The petitioner's pain grew worse and, after approximately thirty minutes, he asked the president for permission to go to the local emergency room. The president refused the request, referring the petitioner instead to an occupational health clinic pursuant to company policy and the collective bargaining agreement governing the petitioner's employment. That facility, however, would not open until three hours later. The petitioner informed the president that he intended to go to the emergency room immediately. The president responded that if the petitioner left work to go to the emergency room, rather than waiting to visit the occupational health clinic, it would constitute insubordination, and he would be fired. Under the collective bargaining agreement, the petitioner could be immediately terminated for insubordination.

Against the president's directive, the petitioner clocked out of work and went to the emergency room. He returned later with a doctor's note for a four-day work absence, but was instead terminated for insubordination. The petitioner did not grieve his termination under the collective bargaining agreement.

The respondent's workers' compensation insurer accepted the claim and paid the petitioner's medical bills. The petitioner requested a hearing on his claims for reinstatement and back pay. See RSA 281–A:25–a (2010). Following a hearing before a Department of Labor hearing officer, the petitioner's claim was denied. The petitioner appealed to the CAB.

Before the CAB, the respondent moved to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. The CAB summarized the issue as follows: "The issue in this case is one of statutory construction. The question is whether the [CAB] has jurisdiction to rule on the issue of reinstatement of an injured claimant after he has been terminated and before he has requested the reinstatement." The CAB "repl[ied] in the negative" and granted the motion to dismiss. The petitioner's motion for rehearing was denied, and this appeal followed.

On appeal, the petitioner argues that the CAB's interpretation of RSA 281–A:25–a : (1) erroneously reads a continuous employment requirement into that statute, thereby undermining the statutory scheme; and (2) potentially leaves him without a remedy because he was required by RSA 281–A:8, III to choose between the remedies afforded under RSA chapter 281–A and those available under other statutes or the common law. See RSA 281–A:8, III (2010).

Our standard of review is established by statute:

[T]he burden of proof shall be upon the party seeking to set aside any order or decision of the [CAB] to show that the same is clearly unreasonable or unlawful, and all findings of the [CAB] upon all questions of fact properly before it shall be deemed to be prima facie lawful and reasonable; and the order or decision appealed from shall not be set aside or vacated except for errors of law, unless the court is satisfied, by a clear preponderance of the evidence before it, that such order is unjust or unreasonable.

RSA 541:13 (2007); RSA 281–A:43, I(c) (2010) ("Any party in interest aggrieved by any order or decision of the [CAB] may appeal to the supreme court pursuant to RSA 541."). "Thus, we review the factual findings of the CAB deferentially," and "its statutory interpretation de novo. " Appeal of Phillips, 165 N.H. 226, 230, 75 A.3d 1083 (2013).

The issues on appeal present questions of statutory interpretation. In such matters, "we are the final arbiters of the intent of the legislature as expressed in the words of a statute considered as a whole." Id.

We first examine the language of the statute and ascribe the plain and ordinary meanings to the words used. We interpret legislative intent from the statute as written and will not consider what the legislature might have said or add language that the legislature did not see fit to include. We construe the Workers' Compensation Law liberally to give the broadest reasonable effect to its remedial purpose. Thus, when construing it, we resolve all reasonable doubts in favor of the injured worker.

Id. (citations omitted).

The primary statutory provision at issue, RSA 281–A:25–a, provides in part:

An employee of an employer who employs 5 or more employees, who has sustained an injury, shall be reinstated by the employer to the employee's former position of employment upon request for such reinstatement, if the position exists and is available and the employee is not disabled from performing the duties of such position, with reasonable accommodations for the employee's limitations.

RSA 281–A:25–a, I.

The petitioner first argues that the CAB erroneously interpreted the term "employee" in this section to "impl[y] a continuous employment status pending the issuance of a medical release for return to unrestricted duty." The CAB concluded—again erroneously, according to the petitioner—that the respondent's firing of the petitioner "severed the employer-employee relationship" such that the petitioner "was no longer an ‘employee’ entitled to" the right of reinstatement under RSA 281–A:25–a." The petitioner argues that this interpretation of the term "employee" would "eviscerate the statute," leading to absurd results in other sections that use the term "employee." The petitioner contends, for example, that terminated workers with compensable injuries would no longer be entitled to seek medical treatment pursuant to RSA 281–A:23 (Supp.2015) or receive permanent impairment awards under RSA 281–A:32 (2010), as those sections also apply only to employees.

We find this argument unpersuasive. The Workers' Compensation Law provides a definition for the term " ‘[e]mployee,’ with respect to private employment" which, in relevant part, is "any person in the service of an employer subject to the provisions of this chapter under any express or implied, oral or written contract of hire." RSA 281–A:2, VI(a) (2010). RSA 281–A:2, also provides, however, that "[a]ny word or phrase defined in this section shall have the same meaning throughout RSA 281–A, unless the context clearly requires otherwise." RSA 281–A:2 (2010) (emphasis added). Thus, there is no danger of "eviscerat[ing] the statute" by construing the term "employee" in RSA 281–A:25–a in a manner that may not fit other provisions that use the term.

The petitioner next contends that "it must be recognized that the legislature explicitly included in the text of RSA 281–A:25–a only three ways in which the right terminates, and the firing of an employee is not among them." As the petitioner correctly notes, RSA 281–A:25–a, II provides:

Notwithstanding paragraph I of this section:

(a) The right to reinstatement to the employee's former position under this section terminates when any one of the following events occurs:

(1) A medical determination by the attending physician or finding by the commissioner that the employee cannot return to the former position of employment.

(2) The employee accepts employment with another employer.

(3) Eighteen months from the date of injury.

RSA 281–A:25–a, II.

We addressed a similar argument in Appeal of Cover, 168 N.H. 614, 622, 134 A.3d 433 (2016). There, in determining whether RSA 281–A:25–a applies to part-time workers, we considered RSA 281–A:25–a, II(b), which "lists three categories of employees who are not eligible for reinstatement." Appeal of Cover, 168 N.H. at 621–22, 134 A.3d 433. The list did not include part-time employees. See id. ; RSA 281–A:25–a, II(b). In holding that part-time employees are entitled to reinstatement under RSA 281–A:25–a, I, we reasoned:

Reading RSA 281–A:25(a), II(b) to exclude part-time workers from the right of reinstatement would contravene the familiar axiom of statutory construction, expressio unius est exclusio alterius: Normally the expression of one thing in a statute implies the exclusion of another. Reading RSA 281–A:25–a to exclude part-time workers would require us to add language to RSA 281–A:25(a), II(b) that the legislature did not see fit to include, which we decline to do.

Appeal of Cover , 168 N.H. 614, 622, 134 A.3d 433 (quotations, citation, and brackets omitted).

Here, by contrast, we need not add language to RSA 281–A:25–a, II(a) to determine whether the petitioner is entitled to request reinstatement after the respondent terminated his employment. Rather, we must interpret the term "employee" within the context of RSA 281–A:25–a, see RSA 281–A:2, and according to our rules of statutory construction.

We begin by considering the petitioner's proposed construction. Citing our standard of "constru[ing] the Workers' Compensation Law liberally to give the broadest reasonable effect to its remedial purpose," Appeal of Phillips, 165 N.H. at 230, 75 A.3d 1083, the petitioner argues that "[a]n appropriately liberal reading of RSA 281–A:25–a is that the right of reinstatement only applies to individuals with compensable workers['] compensation injuries: persons who were ‘in the service of an employer’ at the time of their injury." An interpretation that broad, however,...