In re Parental Rights as to J.G.

1

IN RE TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO J.G., E.G., and T.J.

No. 1 CA-JV 23-0115

Court of Appeals of Arizona, First Division

June 11, 2024

Not for Publication - Rule 111(c), Rules of the Arizona Supreme Court

Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County No. JD36135 The Honorable Christopher Whitten, Judge.

COUNSEL

David W. Bell Attorney at Law, Mesa By David W. Bell Counsel for Appellant Father.

Arizona Attorney General's Office, Phoenix By Casey D Ball Counsel for Appellee DCS.

Steven D. Eckhardt, Esq. Stephanie Preciado, Esq. Counsel for Children.

Presiding Judge Anni Hill Foster delivered the decision of the Court, in which Judge Brian Y. Furuya and Vice Chief Judge Randall M. Howe joined.

MEMORANDUM DECISION

FOSTER, Judge:

¶1 T.G. ("Father") appeals the superior court's ruling terminating his parental rights to J.G., E.G., and T.J. For the following reasons, this Court vacates the ruling as to the second Michael J. factor and remands to the superior court for further findings.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2 J.G. and E.G. were born in 2012 and 2014, respectively. Father was incarcerated from 2015 until February 2019. When released, Father lived with his cousin for about two months before moving into the home of the children's maternal aunt ("Aunt") where the children resided. In November 2019, Father was arrested for committing a felony and sentenced a few months later to nine-and-a-half years' imprisonment, with an expected release date in May 2029. T.J. was born after Father went back to prison. The children have remained with Aunt during Father's incarceration.

¶3 In January 2022, the children's guardian ad litem petitioned for dependency, which the court granted a month later after Father pled no contest to the allegations. The guardian then moved the following January to terminate Father's parental rights. After a two-day trial, the court terminated Father's rights based on the length of his incarceration.

¶4 Father timely appealed. This Court has jurisdiction under A.R.S. §§ 8-235, 12-120.21(A)(1), and 12-2101(A)(1).

DISCUSSION

¶5 On appeal, Father claims the court erred in finding that (1) the Department of Child Safety ("DCS") made diligent efforts to support and nurture the parent-child relationship, (2) Father's prison sentence prevents him from nurturing and maintaining a significant parent-child relationship and (3) terminating Father's parental rights was in the children's best interests. This Court reviews a termination decision for abuse of discretion and will uphold it unless unsupported by reasonable evidence. Jessie D. v. Dep't of Child Safety, 251 Ariz. 574, 579, ¶ 10 (2021).

I. The Superior Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion by Finding That DCS Made Diligent Efforts to Support and Nurture the ParentChild Relationship.

¶6 Incarcerated parents retain "a fundamental liberty interest in the care, custody, and management of their children." Jessie D., 251 Ariz. at 581, ¶ 20 (citing Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 65 (2000)). Thus, "DCS must make diligent efforts to preserve the family by providing services" to preserve the parent-child bond. Id. at 581-82, ¶ 20.

¶7 Father argues that DCS did not act reasonably or diligently because it did not facilitate video conferences between him and the children until one month before the termination trial. The State contends that Father waived this argument for most of the dependency by not objecting to DCS's reunification efforts throughout the dependency and not requesting visitation until December 2022. This Court agrees with DCS.

¶8 When parents believe the provided services have been inadequate, they must timely object. Shawanee S. v. Ariz. Dep't of Econ. Sec., 234 Ariz. 174, 178, ¶ 13 (App. 2014). But the record throughout the dependency proceedings demonstrates that Father made no objections to the findings that DCS made reasonable efforts. It was not until December 2022 that Father noted that he desired greater visitation, but even at that time nothing shows that he objected to DCS's efforts. Father's failure to object in a timely manner to these efforts constitutes waiver. Id.

¶9 But even if Father had not waived this argument, his position still fails. DCS was not required to provide services for contact that he was already receiving. See Pima Cnty. Severance Action No. S-2397, 161 Ariz. 574, 577 (App. 1989) (concluding the department "is clearly not obligated to provide services which are futile" because "no other services could be provided which had not already been offered"). Here, Aunt was providing Father telephonic visits with the children two or three times a week during the dependency proceedings. Given Aunt's facilitation of multiple calls per week, DCS was not required to duplicate that service.

¶10 Father counters that he wanted virtual visits, which, as noted above, he did not request until December 2022. But the record shows DCS made efforts to arrange these, though they were unsuccessful in doing so until shortly before trial. DCS further recommended Father avail himself of parenting classes while in prison and informed him it could not refer him for these classes directly due to his incarceration. Reasonable evidence supported the superior court's determination, and the court did not abuse its discretion in finding DCS made reasonable and diligent efforts to provide Father with reunification services.

II. The Superior Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion in Its Findings on Most of the Michael J. Factors but Erred Regarding Father's Ability to Maintain and Nurture the Relationship with His Children.

¶11 The superior court may terminate a person's parental rights if that parent has been convicted of a felony and the length of the sentence will deprive the child "of a normal home for a period of years." A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(4). A normal home is "a stable long-term family environment outside a foster care placement, where another parent or a permanent guardian resides and parents the child, and where the incarcerated parent affirmatively acts to maintain a relationship with the child that contributes to . . . the child's stable, family environment." Timothy B. v. Dep't of Child Safety, 252 Ariz. 470, 477, ¶ 27 (2022). When evaluating whether a parent's sentence will deprive a child of a normal home, the court must consider all relevant factors, including the following:

(1) The length and strength of any parent-child relationship existing when incarceration begins, (2) the degree to which the parent-child relationship can be continued and nurtured during the incarceration, (3) the age of the child and the relationship between the child's age and the likelihood that incarceration will deprive the child of a normal home, (4) the length of the sentence, (5) the availability of another parent to provide a normal home life, and (6) the effect of the deprivation of a parental presence on the child at issue.

Michael J. v. Ariz. Dep't of Econ. Sec., 196 Ariz. 246, 251-52, ¶ 29 (2000).

A. The Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion in Its Findings on Most of the Michael J. Factors.

¶12 When addressing the first Michael J. factor "the court should consider whether the parent cared for the child, both physically and financially, and whether the parent resided with the child or regularly visited the child if they did not live together." Jessie D., 251 Ariz. at 580, ¶ 11.

¶13 Here, the court found that Father "did not spend a lot of time with the children" while he was free in 2019 because "he worked sixteen to eighteen hours a day, six days a week." Father correctly notes that the number of hours worked by a parent cannot by itself dictate the relationship between parent and child. But the court's consideration that Father had been out of prison for only a small part of the eldest children's lives and had never met the youngest child does lead to questions about the length and strength of the relationship. Because evidence in this record provides a reasonable basis for the court's decision, and this Court does not reweigh evidence, there was no abuse of discretion as to this factor. See id. at 582, ¶ 23.

¶14 Further, the children's ages and the length of Father's sentence support the finding that his incarceration will deprive the children of a normal home life. When Father's current incarceration began, J.G. was seven years old, E.G. was five, and T.J. was not yet born. By the time Father's expected release date arrives, J.G. will be sixteen, E.G. will be fourteen, and T.J. will be nine. Father's present incarceration of nine-and-a-half years will run over half of the children's lives. And once Father is released, reunification may not be immediately possible until he satisfies additional conditions, thus extending the period even longer. Jeffrey P. v. Dep't of Child Safety, 239 Ariz. 212, 214, ¶ 10 (App. 2016).

¶15 Additionally, no other parent or guardian is presently willing and available to provide the children a normal home life. The children's mother ("Mother") has not contacted the children since March 2020. The DCS case manager testified that Mother could not effectively parent because of substance abuse and has shown no improvement during the dependency proceedings. Mother's parental rights were terminated on the grounds of abandonment, prolonged substance abuse, and out of home placement.

¶16 Courts must also consider whether a permanent guardian is available to provide a normal home life. Timothy B. 252 Ariz. at 477, ¶ 27. Aunt and her husband previously sought guardianship over the children but now wish to proceed only with adoption; DCS no longer views them as potential guardians. Though Father testified that his mother was willing to be the children's permanent guardian, he first...