Lopez v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.

5 F.Supp.3d 1106

Medardo Lopez and Margarita Lopez, as parents of decedent Milanca Lopez, and as representatives of Xavier C., deceased, Plaintiffs,

v.The Regents of the University of California, et al., Defendants.

No. C–13–2811 EMC

United States District Court, N.D. California.

Filed December, 10, 2013

Joel H. Siegal, Richard Lewis Richardson, Attorney at Law, San Francisco, CA, for Plaintiffs.

Gaylynn Kirn Conant, Lombardi Loper & Conant, LLP, Oakland, CA, for Defendants.

ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS

(Docket No. 27)

EDWARD M. CHEN, United States District Judge

I. INTRODUCTION

This case arises out of the death of Milanca Lopez—an undergraduate at the University of California, Berkeley—and her six year old son, Xavier. On May 18, 2012, Milanca, Xavier, and Defendant Jose Lumbreras—Milanca's boyfriend—were involved in a car accident. Lumbreras was driving the vehicle while under the influence of narcotics and/or alcohol. Tragically, Milanca and Xavier did not survive the accident. Milanca's parents, Medardo Lopez and Margarita Lopez (“Plaintiffs”), have instituted the instant action against Lumbreras, the Regents of the University of California (“the U.C. Regents”), and Cephas John, the Leasing & Assignment Manager in the Residential and Student Services Program at U.C. Berkeley. In general, Plaintiffs allege that the U.C. Regents and Mr. John were aware of, and failed to properly respond to, Lumbreras' continual abuse and harassment of Milanca. They allege that this failure was a proximate cause of Milanca and Xavier's death.

Before this Court are the motion for judgment on the pleadings brought by the U.C. Regents and Mr. John as well as Plaintiffs' request for judicial notice. For the following reasons, Defendants' motion will be GRANTED as to Plaintiffs' federal causes of action. However, Plaintiffs will be granted leave to amend.

II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Milanca Lopez was a Mexican–American woman who attended the University of California, Berkeley from July 2007 to May 18, 2012. Dkt. No. 1, First Amended Complaint (“FAC”) ¶ 5, 15. During the fall semester of 2011, Defendant Lumbreras—a graduate student and student teacher at U.C. Berkeley—and Milanca began a relationship. Id. ¶ 16. Plaintiffs allege, on information belief, that Lumbreras used his position as a student teacher to initiate this relationship, but they do not allege what facts underlie this belief. Id. Additionally, Plaintiffs have not alleged any facts suggesting that Defendant Lumbreras was Milanca's teacher.

Soon after the relationship began, Lumbreras allegedly began to systematically control, abuse, and insult Milanca. He would publicly insult her in front of other undergraduate and graduate students, referring to her as a “dirty whore,” a “slut,” and would denigrate her heritage by referring to her as “not Mexican enough.” Id. ¶ 17. In January 2012, Lumbreras invited Milanca to his home to smoke marijuana with other students. Id. ¶ 18. During this visit, Lumbreras forced Milanca's 6 year old son, Xavier, to watch Lumbreras have sex with Milanca while Milanca attempted to make Lumbreras stop. Id.

Starting in March 2012, Lumbreras and Milanca began living together in Milanca's apartment in the University Village—a housing complex located on the campus of U.C. Berkeley and maintained under the direction and authority of the university. Id. ¶ 9, 19.

On April 26, 2012, Milanca contacted a fellow U.C. Berkeley student, upset and crying because Lumbreras was at a bar on campus drinking and refused to pick up Xavier from school. Id. ¶ 20. Hours later, at 1:30 a.m. on April 27, 2012, Milanca contacted the same student while crying, telling that student that Lumbreras was “punching and kicking” her in her apartment. Id. ¶ 21. Lumbreras then abruptly hung up the telephone. Id. ¶ 22. Within minutes, a group of U.C. Berkeley students responded to Milanca's apartment to check on her welfare. Id. ¶ 23–24. They observed Milanca run out of her apartment, only half dressed, crying, screaming, and holding Xavier. Id. ¶ 24. Milanca's arms and thighs displayed fresh bruises. Id. ¶ 25. Milanca and Xavier went to stay with a neighbor for the night, but at 4:00 a.m., Lumbreras arrived at the apartment visibly intoxicated and belligerent. Id. ¶ 27. He began to bang on the apartment door and yell insults at the apartment for approximately 45 minutes. Id. When Milanca returned to the apartment the next morning, she found that Lumbreras had broken and/or vandalized numerous items in her apartment, including her laptop, television, and a jewelry box. Id. ¶ 28.

Plaintiffs allege that in early May 2012, Milanca reported Lumbreras' abuse to U.C. Berkeley personnel in two separate instances. First, they allege that in early May 2012, “University of California Berkeley Police Department Officers responded to Milanca's apartment on two separate occasions.” Id. ¶ 29. Plaintiffs allege that the officers “failed to draft notes, reports, or otherwise removed Defendant from the apartment for an investigation.” Id. However, Plaintiffs do not allege what prompted the officers to respond to Milanca's apartment on those occasions or what Milanca reported to them. Second, Plaintiffs allege that around this time, Milanca telephoned Mr. John and told him about the above incidents of abuse and insults. Id. ¶ 30. ¹ Apparently, Mr. John tried to respond to Milanca, but heard nothing from Milanca in response. Dkt. No. 29–3, at 8. On May 7, 2013, Milanca emailed Mr. John and apologized for “not getting back to [him]” and telling him “I ended up working things out.” Id.² It is unclear from the FAC or the email what Milanca actually told Mr. John about the underlying incidents. Plaintiffs allege that Mr. John was “responsible for reporting and otherwise taking reasonable steps to prevent further acts of dating, stalking, and domestic violence incidents at the University Village,” but failed to prevent the incidents of domestic violence. Id. ¶¶ 33, 34.

On May 18, 2012, Lumbreras drove himself, Milanca, and Xavier in a 1999 Cadillac while he was under the influence of narcotics and/or alcohol. Id. ¶ 41. Lumbreras' blood alcohol content was .219. Id. In this impaired state, Lumbreras drove his vehicle into a tree, killing Milanca and severely injuring Xavier. Id. ¶ 42. Xavier succumbed to his injuries in the hospital a week later. Id.

Plaintiffs filed the instant action in California state court on May 10, 2013. Plaintiffs assert thirteen causes of action. Only two of these are federal causes of action—Count 1 alleges a violation of Title IX, 20 U.S.C. § 1681(a), and Count 12 alleges a violation of Title VI, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d et seq.Id. ¶ 44–50; Id. ¶ 123–136.

Plaintiffs base their Title IX count on the basis that Lumbreras “harassed Milanca Lopez based upon her sex and Mexican–American race and ethnicity, such that she was denied benefits and precluded from participation in school programs.” Id. ¶ 49.³ Specifically, Plaintiffs allege that Milanca was “scheduled to receive the benefits associated with U.C. Berkeley university housing until approximately June 29, 2012” and was “accepted and set to enroll as a graduate student at the University of California Los Angeles.” Id. ¶ 50. Thus, it appears that Plaintiffs are alleging that it is the accident (and Milanca's subsequent death) which caused the deprivation of housing benefits. Seeid. ¶ 54 (“Further, said acts were so severe as to damage the physical, mental, and emotional health of Milanca and her minor child, Xavier. Ultimately, the severity of the actions and inactions of each Defendant led to the death of Milanca Lopez and her minor child.”).

Plaintiffs allege that Lumbreras' harassment of Milanca was pervasive in that it “permeated all aspects of Milanca's personal, academic, and familial life.” Id. ¶ 55. Further, Plaintiffs allege that the harassment took place at “numerous locations throughout campus and in front [of] numerous U.C. students, in Milanca's home, [Lumbreras'] home, and at the home of Milanca's neighbor.” Id. This fact, combined with Milanca's May 7, 2012 telephone call and email to Mr. John are alleged to have conveyed to Mr. John and the University actual knowledge of Lumbreras' harassment, intimidation, and abuse. Id. ¶ 57. Plaintiffs also allege that numerous students had actual knowledge of Lumbreras' acts of domestic violence, but failed to report them. Id. ¶ 58.

Plaintiffs state law causes of action are for negligence per se, negligence, negligent supervision, premises liability, intentional infliction of emotional distress, negligent infliction of emotional distress, battery, assault, and gender violence in violation of Cal. Civ. Code § 52.4. The U.C. Regents and Mr. John have filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings, seeking to have Plaintiffs' Complaint dismissed in its entirety. Dkt. No. 27.

III. DISCUSSION

A. Legal Standard

Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(c), “[j]udgment on the pleadings is properly granted when there is no issue of material fact in dispute, and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fleming v. Pickard, 581 F.3d 922, 925 (9th Cir.2009). “Rule 12(c) is ‘functionally identical’ to Rule 12(b)(6) and ... ‘the same standard of review’ applies to motions brought under either rule.” Cafasso, U.S. ex rel. v. Gen. Dynamics C4 Sys., Inc., 637 F.3d 1047, 1054 n. 4 (9th Cir.2011). Accordingly, in considering such a motion, a court must take all allegationsof material fact as true and construe them in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, although “conclusory allegations of law and unwarranted inferences are insufficient to avoid” dismissal. Cousins v. Lockyer, 568 F.3d 1063, 1067 (9th Cir.2009).

While “a complaint need not contain detailed factual allegations ... it must plead ‘enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’ ” Id.; see alsoLewis v. City & County of San...