Martin v. State

340 Ga.App. 773

798 S.E.2d 326

MARTIN

v.The STATE.

A17A0503

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

March 15, 2017

Debra Kay Jefferson, Lawrenceville, for Appellant.

Lee Darragh, Gainesville, Kelley Martin Robertson, for Appellee.

Andrews, Judge.

Following a jury trial, Cuba Alaska Martin III was convicted of armed robbery. Martin appeals, asserting that the trial court erred in admitting identity evidence under OCGA § 24-4-404 (b). Finding no error, we affirm.

Viewed favorably to the verdict, Watford v. State , 332 Ga.App. 499, 502 (1), 773 S.E.2d 452 (2015), the evidence shows that on December 11, 2012, Oralia Reyes-Gaucin was walking home from work along West Avenue in Gainesville, talking on her cell phone. She noticed two men walking on the other side of the street, but did not pay much attention to them. Suddenly, one of the men approached her from behind. He moved in close, demanded her phone, and snatched it from her hand. He then reached for Reyes-Gaucin's purse. As the two struggled, the man pushed Reyes-Gaucin to the ground. He grabbed her purse while placing a small, black object that she believed to be a gun against her head.

Reyes-Gaucin closed her eyes, and the two men fled. A short time later, she saw a white vehicle leaving the area.

Reyes-Gaucin reported the robbery to police, describing her assailants' race and height. She also indicated that the gunman wore a mask and that both were dressed in dark clothing. Reyes-Gaucin's debit card, which had been in her purse, was used at a gas station later that evening. The next morning, a police officer located Reyes-Gaucin's purse on a street near the robbery scene. Her debit card was inside the bag, but her cash was missing.

The investigator assigned to the case had few initial leads. In the Spring of 2013, however, he received information implicating Ciera Wilson in the crime. The investigator interviewed Wilson, who indicated that Martin and his cousin, Rytavious Ellison, had robbed Reyes-Gaucin, then used her debit card to fill several cars with gasoline. The police searched a white car belonging to Martin's sister and discovered a small, black handgun bearing Martin's fingerprint under the front seat.

Wilson testified against Martin at trial, providing the following account of events. On the night of the robbery, she and Ellison got into her car, and Ellison instructed her to follow behind Martin, who was driving a white SUV. They parked off of West Avenue, and Ellison and Martin left the area, instructing Wilson to wait for them in the car. Approximately 15 to 20 minutes later, Wilson heard a woman scream, and Ellison and Martin ran back to the cars. Martin was holding a small, dark handgun, and Wilson observed him throw a purse onto the passenger seat of his vehicle. He also had a ski mask with him.

Ellison told Wilson to "go really fast," and she sped away, traveling in the opposite direction of Martin. The three met up at Martin's house a short time later, after which Martin and Ellison rifled through the purse, took the cash, and went to the gas station. Ellison later told Wilson that Martin had approached a woman on the street and taken her purse at gunpoint.

1. On appeal, Martin argues that the trial court erred in admitting other-crimes evidence under OCGA § 24-4-404 (b). Specifically, the State presented evidence that on January 19, 2013, another Hispanic woman walking in Gainesville was robbed by two men wearing dark clothing and traveling in a white SUV. According to the victim, Lucina Mayo-Romero, one of the men pointed a gun at her, while the other snatched her purse from her arm. A few days later, her purse was found discarded on the side of the road. The victim identified Martin as the man who had snatched her purse. She further testified that the small gun seized from the car belonging to Martin's sister was similar to that used by the gunman.

Pursuant to OCGA § 24-4-404 (b),

Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts shall not be admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, including, but not limited to, proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.

A trial court properly admits other-crimes evidence when (1) the evidence is relevant to an issue other than the defendant's character; (2) its probative value is not substantially outweighed by undue prejudice; and (3) there is sufficient proof for the jury to find by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant committed the other act. See Brannon v. State , 298 Ga. 601, 606 (4), 783 S.E.2d 642 (2016). We review the admission of such evidence "for a clear abuse of discretion," making "a common sense assessment of all the circumstances surrounding the extrinsic offense, including prosecutorial need, overall similarity between the extrinsic act and the charged offense, as well as temporal remoteness." Id.

Martin argues that evidence of the January 19, 2013 robbery was not relevant to any issue other than character. We disagree. The State offered the evidence to establish, among other things, Martin's identity as a participant in the Reyes-Gaucin robbery. Other-crimes evidence may be admitted as proof of identity if it is sufficiently similar to the charged crime to "mark the offenses as the [defendant's] handiwork."

Id. at 607, 783 S.E.2d 642. In other words, "[t]he extrinsic act must be a signature crime, and the defendant must have used a modus operandi that is uniquely his." Watford , supra at 504 (2), 773 S.E.2d 452.

The two incidents at issue here occurred within approximately one month of each other, and both involved the armed robbery of a Hispanic woman walking alone in Gainesville, during which a purse was snatched from the victim. The perpetrators wore dark clothing and used a small handgun, as well as a white SUV, to carry out the crimes. In both instances, the stolen purses were later found discarded on a roadway. According to Wilson, Hispanics were the target of the robberies because "they worked ... [and] [t]hey had all the money." Finally, Mayo-Romero positively identified Martin as one of her assailants in the January 19, 2013 robbery.

Given these circumstances, the trial court was authorized to find that the modus operandi for each robbery "was sufficiently similar to mark the offenses as [Martin's] handiwork." Brannon , supra. Furthermore, although various evidence, including Wilson's testimony, connected Martin to the Reyes-Gaucin crime, additional proof of identity was certainly relevant. See OCGA § 24-14-8 (testimony of an accomplice must be corroborated to sustain a felony conviction). The trial court, therefore, properly admitted evidence of the January 19, 2013 robbery.

2. Alternatively, Martin argues that Mayo-Romero's trial testimony identifying him as the purse snatcher should have been excluded. Again...