Norton v. State

785 N.E.2d 625

Lewis W. NORTON, Appellant-Defendant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee-Plaintiff.

No. 09A02-0205-CR-370.

Court of Appeals of Indiana.

March 26, 2003.

James T. Knight, Logansport, IN, Attorney for Appellant.

Steve Carter, Attorney General of Indiana, Monika Prekopa-Talbot, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellee.

OPINION

KIRSCH, Judge.

Lewis W. Norton appeals his two convictions of child molesting¹ as Class C felonies, presenting the following issues for our review I. Whether the trial court erred by not declaring a mistrial during jury selection where a potential juror disclosed that her employment in a correctional facility might place her in an awkward position should she be selected to serve on the jury.

II. Whether the trial court erred by excluding the testimony of a defense witness whose testimony was intended to impeach the reputation for truthfulness of his brother, a State witness, based upon the State's witness's reputation for truthfulness within their family.

We affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

The facts most favorable to the judgment show that in March 1999, twelve-year-old D.U. was friends with two sisters, T.C. and J.C., who lived in a trailer at a campground in Cass County with their mother and Norton. While D.U. was visiting with her friends, Norton attempted to "French kiss" D.U., touched her upper thigh and vagina, tried to entice D.U. to lie on the bed with him, and invited her to go into the woods with him. During the same time period, Norton touched eleven-year-old T.C.'s chest and vagina. Both girls told Jody Thompson, a friend of Norton's, about the incidents, and the police were notified. Norton was arrested, charged, and convicted of two counts of child molesting. He now appeals.

DISCUSSION AND DECISION

Norton first contends that the trial court erred by not granting his motion for a mistrial following jury selection because a potential juror's comments so tainted the jury as to place him in grave peril. We disagree.

A mistrial is an extreme remedy warranted when no other curative measure will rectify the situation. Szpyrka v. State, 550 N.E.2d 316, 318 (Ind.1990). The grant or denial of a mistrial is within the sound discretion of the trial court, and we will not reverse a trial court's ruling absent an abuse of that discretion. Jackson v. State, 518 N.E.2d 787, 789 (Ind.1988). Thus, we will review the trial court's decision with great deference, as that court is in the best position to assess the circumstances surrounding the event and the probable impact of the alleged error on the jury. Kavanaugh v. State, 695 N.E.2d 629, 632 (Ind.Ct.App.1998). To prevail on appeal, Norton must demonstrate that the conduct in question was so prejudicial and inflammatory that he was placed in a position of grave peril to which he should not have been subjected. Kelley v. State, 555 N.E.2d 140, 141 (Ind.1990). To determine the gravity of peril, an appellate court considers the probable persuasive effect of the misconduct on the jury's decision, not the degree of impropriety of the conduct. Id. Generally, a timely and accurate admonition is an adequate curative measure for any prejudice that results. Schlomer v. State, 580 N.E.2d at 950, 956 (Ind.1991).

Here, during jury selection the following colloquy took place between the State and a prospective juror:

[STATE]: Can everybody be a fair juror in this case? Ma'am can you?

* * *

RESPONSE: I mean, the only problem I have is I work at a correctional facility, you know, and if I sit on a jury trial and this guy is out there and I'm out there working, I mean—

[STATE]: Right.

RESPONSE: it's going to be kind of awkward for me to—

[STATE]: Tell me this, does it—

RESPONSE: I mean, I treat everybody the same out there anyway so it doesn't really matter but it's kind of a weird situation.

[STATE]: Yeah. Is it something that since you work in a correctional facility and you know there's a possibility of, with a felony there's a possibility of imprisonment, tell me this, would it upset you so bad and, or would you be thinking about it so much, back to the eventually [sic] or possibilities in the future, that you wouldn't be able to concentrate, that you wouldn't be able to be fair to the witnesses or to the case?

RESPONSE: Not really.

[STATE]: Or to both parties in the case?

RESPONSE: (Inaudible).

[STATE]: Okay. So you can't—

RESPONSE: Well, if I have a good officer by me when I work (inaudible).

[STATE]: Okay. All right. But you, you think you can be fair in this case?

RESPONSE: Yes.

Appellant's Appendix at 119-20.

Following the conversation, Norton moved for a mistrial arguing to the trial court that the implication he may be housed at the correctional facility where the potential juror worked as a nurse placed him in a position of grave peril. Defense counsel maintained:

And in this situation we now have individuals who otherwise were able to [fairly and impartially hear the evidence] who have been exposed to comments, which to be frank, place this defendant in such a poor light which speak to the possibility of incarceration and then the actions of a potential juror should this person be incarcerated. The subject of incarceration is not one for voir dire.

Transcript at 70-71. Defense counsel disagreed with the State's suggestion that an admonishment could correct the situation given that the potential jurors knew this was a felony case and could be expected to recognize that a conviction could result in imprisonment. In response, the trial court denied the motion for mistrial, excused the potential juror for cause, and informed the parties that its final instructions contained an instruction informing the jury that any penalty in the case was not their concern as they were not responsible for determining punishment. Later, when defense counsel renewed his objection, the trial court again denied the mistrial and noted that admonishing the jury would bring more attention to the situation than necessary. Norton at no time requested an admonishment be given to the jury.

We hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by not declaring a mistrial under the circumstances. Any prejudice that existed because of the State's questioning of the potential juror was cured by excusing her from service. Given that the potential jurors knew they were deciding a felony case where Norton could face imprisonment if convicted, the conversation between the State and the potential juror did not subject him to grave peril. The potential for imprisonment could hardly have been a surprise. The probable effect upon the jury was minimal. The trial court acted within its discretion in making its decision, and we are unable to conclude that Norton was placed in a position of grave peril that would have justified a mistrial.

Norton also argues on appeal that the trial court "elected not to even issue an admonition." Appellant's Brief at 7. This argument, however, overlooks the fact that trial counsel insisted that an admonition would not cure any possible prejudice. Further, the trial court acted within its discretion in not admonishing the jury to disregard the statements of the potential juror because an admonishment would simply draw more attention to the incident. The trial court properly refrained from repeating the alleged error's substance and further cured any problem by providing a final instruction to the jury that the potential punishment was not its concern during deliberations. Accordingly, the trial court correctly denied the motion for a mistrial.

Norton next asserts that the trial court erred by not allowing impeachment witness Jessie Thompson to testify concerning the veracity of his brother, State's witness Jody Thompson. At trial, Jody testified that the two victims separately told him that something had happened to them while they were with Norton. He also testified that Norton himself told him that he laid on the bed with D.U. and touched her stomach and rubbed her thigh. During the defense's offer to prove, Jessie testified that he was Jody's brother and had discussed Jody's reputation for truthfulness "within the community of [his] family." Transcript at 193. Jessie specifically stated that "Jody's reputation is usually he would rather lie to you as to tell you the truth." Transcript at 193. He based his opinion on his personal experience and upon what other family members had said. The State objected, indicating that it did not believe reputation evidence for purposes of impeachment could be based upon the community of a "family." Exercising its evidentiary discretion, the trial court disallowed Jessie's testimony.

The evidentiary rulings of a trial court are afforded great deference and are reversed on appeal only upon a showing of an abuse of discretion. Herrera v. State, 710 N.E.2d 931, 935 (Ind.Ct.App.1999). On appeal from such rulings, we reverse only when a manifest abuse of discretion denies the defendant a fair trial. Price v. State, 765 N.E.2d 1245, 1248 (Ind.2002).

Ind. Evidence Rule 608(a) allows, under limited circumstances, the credibility of a witness to be attacked by opinion or reputation evidence. The Rule provides:

The credibility of a witness may be attacked or supported by evidence in the form of opinion or reputation, but subject to these limitations: (1) the evidence may refer only to character for truthfulness, and (2) evidence of truthful character is admissible only after the character of the witness for truthfulness has been attacked by opinion or reputation evidence or otherwise.

Evid. R. 608(a). Like most jurisdictions, Indiana requires that an impeaching witness speak only about the impeachee's reputation within the "community" at the time of the impeachee's testimony or within a reasonable time prior to trial. 13 ROBERT LOWELL MILLER, JR., INDIANA EVIDENCE § 608.103 (2d ed.1995).

Professor McCormick opined the following with respect to the community...