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Notices for production

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NOTICES FOR
PRODUCTION
7-1
Be very careful about what you ask forโ€”
you may just get it.
CHAPTER 7
NOTICES FOR PRODUCTION
ยง7.10 BASIC TRAINING AND STRATEGY
ยง7.11 Mixing Other Weapons
ยง7.12 The Documentโ€™s Strategic Signifโ€Œicance
ยง7.20 TIPS FOR TIMING YOUR ATTACK
ยง7.30 IDENTIFYING YOUR TARGET
ยง7.40 THE RULES THAT YOU NEED
ยง7.41 Federal Rules Pertaining to Production of Documents
ยง7.42 The State Rules Pertaining to Production
ยง7.50 CONSTRUCTING YOUR DEMANDS
ยง7.51 Three-Step Program
ยง7.52 Basic Rules of Construction
ยง7.52(a) Size Doesnโ€™t Matter
ยง7.52(b) Little Big Words
ยง7.52(c) Safety in Numbers
ยง7.52(d) Mix Generals With Privates
ยง7.52(e) Keep It Simple
ยง7.52(f) Crush the Shell Game
ยง7.60 RESPONDING TO THE REQUESTS
ยง7.61 Burial Alive
ยง7.62 The Sorcererโ€™s Mixture
ยง7.63 Exorcism
ยง7.64 Document Destruction
ยง7.65 Bogus โ€œGood Faithโ€ Erasures of Electronic Data
ยง7.70 ENFORCING COMPLIANCE
NOTICES FOR
PRODUCTION
Guerrilla Discovery 7-2
ยง7.80 THE FORMS THAT YOU NEED
Form 7.1 Notice for Production of Documents
Form 7.1(a) Notice for Production of Documents in a Specifโ€Œied Electronic Format
Form 7.1(b) Response to Notice for Production of Documents in a Specifโ€Œied Electronic Format
Form 7.1(c) Cost Shif ting [Sharing] Request Letter
[Responding to Notice for Production of Documents in a Specifโ€Œied Format]
Form 7.1(d) Response to Cost Shifting Request Letter
Form 7.1(e) Motion to Compel Response in Native Format With Metadata
Form 7.1(f) Response to Motion to Compel Response in Native Format With Metadata
Form 7.2 Response to Notice for Production (Documents Attached)
Form 7.3 Response to Notice for Production (Documents Located Elsewhere)
Form 7.4 Response to Notice for Production (Objections)
Form 7.5 Motion to Compel Production
Form 7.6 Motion by Plaintiff for Adverse Inference
Form 7.7 Motion for Partial Summary Judgment by Plaintiff
Form 7.8 Motion to Dismiss by Defendant for Failure to Produce
NOTICES FOR
PRODUCTION
7-3 Notices for Production ยง 7. 11
ยง7.10 BASIC TRAINING
AND STRATEGY
ฮคฮทฮต ฮฮฟฯ„ฮนฯ‡ฮต ฯ†ฮฟฯ ฮ ฯฮฟฮดฯ…ฯ‡ฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ, ฯ‰ฮทฮนฯ‡ฮท ฯ„ฮฑฯฮณฮตฯ„ฯƒ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮดฮนฯƒโˆ’
ฯ‡ฮฟฯ–ฮตฯฯˆ ฮฟฯ† ฮดฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ฯƒ,1 ฮนฯƒ ฮฑ ฮทฮนฮณฮทโˆ’ฯ‡ฮฑฮปฮนฮฒฮตฯ ฯ‰ฮตฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮฝ ฯ‰ฮนฯ„ฮท ฮฑ
ฯ„ฯฮตยตฮตฮฝฮดฮฟฯ…ฯƒ ฯฮตฯ‡ฮฟฮนฮป ฮฑฮฝฮด ฮฑ ฮทฮนฮณฮท ฯ‰ฮฟฯฮบโˆ’ฯ„ฮฟโˆ’ฮณฯฮนฮตฯ† ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฟ.
2
ฮ™ฮฝ ฮฟฯ„ฮทฮตฯ
ฯ‰ฮฟฯฮดฯƒ, ฮฑ ฯ–ฮตฯฯˆ ฯƒยตฮฑฮปฮป ฯƒฮทฮฟฯ„, ฮนฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯ†ฮฟฯยต ฮฟฯ† ฮฑ ฯƒฮนฮฝฮณฮปฮต ฮฝฮฟฯ„ฮนฯ‡ฮต, ฯ‡ฮฑฮฝ
๎•๎ˆ๎–๎˜๎๎—๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎™๎ˆ๎•๎œ๎€ƒ๎๎„๎•๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎•๎„๎—๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎๎๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎š๎Œ๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎—๎•๎˜๎†๎Ž๎๎’๎„๎‡๎–๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎“๎„๎“๎ˆ๎•๎€‘
ฮคฮทฮต ฯ€ฮฟฯ‰ฮตฯ ฮฟฯ† ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮฮฟฯ„ฮนฯ‡ฮต ฯ‡ฮฑฮฝ ฮฒฮต ฮฒฮฟฯ„ฮท ฮฑ ฮฒฮปฮตฯƒฯƒฮนฮฝฮณ ฮฑฮฝฮด
ฮฑ ฯ‡ฯ…ฯฯƒฮต,3 ฮดฮตฯ€ฮตฮฝฮดฮนฮฝฮณ ฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฮฝ ฮทฮฟฯ‰ ฮนฮฝฯ„ฮตฮปฮปฮนฮณฮตฮฝฯ„ฮปฯˆ ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฮดฮตฯ€ฮปฮฟฯˆ
ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯ‰ฮตฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮฝ, ฯ‰ฮทฮนฯ‡ฮท, ฮนฮฝ ฯ„ฯ…ฯฮฝ, ฮดฮตฯ€ฮตฮฝฮดฯƒ ฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฮฝ ฯˆฮฟฯ…ฯ ฮฑฮฒฮนฮปฮนฯ„ฯˆ ฯ„ฮฟ
ฮดฮตฯƒฯ‡ฯฮนฮฒฮต ฯˆฮฟฯ…ฯ ฯ„ฮฑฯฮณฮตฯ„ ฯ‰ฯฮนฯ„ฮนฮฝฮณฯƒ ๎‚“ฯ‰ฮนฯ„ฮท ฯฮตฮฑฯƒฮฟฮฝฮฑฮฒฮปฮต ฯ€ฮฑฯฯ„ฮนฯ‡ฯ…ฮปฮฑฯฮนฯ„ฯˆ.๎‚”
ฮ’ฮตฯ‡ฮฑฯ…ฯƒฮต ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯƒฯ…ฯ‡ฯ‡ฮตฯƒฯƒ ฮฟฯ† ฯˆฮฟฯ…ฯ ฮดฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ ฯ€ฯฮฟฮดฯ…ฯ‡ฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ
ยตฮนฯƒฯƒฮนฮฟฮฝ ฮดฮตฯ€ฮตฮฝฮดฯƒ ฯƒฮฟ ฮทฮตฮฑฯ–ฮนฮปฯˆ ฮฟฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮฑฮฒฮนฮปฮนฯ„ฯˆ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮดฮตฯƒฯ‡ฯฮนฮฒฮต ฯ€ฯฮตโˆ’
ฯ‡ฮนฯƒฮตฮปฯˆ ฯ‰ฮทฮฑฯ„ ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฯ‰ฮฑฮฝฯ„ ฮฑฮฝฮด ฮฝฮฟฯ„ฮทฮนฮฝฮณ ยตฮฟฯฮต, ฮนฯ„ ฮนฯƒ ฮฟฯ†ฯ„ฮตฮฝ ฯ‰ฮนฯƒฮต
ฯ„ฮฟ ฯ€ฯฮตฯ‡ฮตฮดฮต ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮดฮตยตฮฑฮฝฮด ฯ†ฮฟฯ ฮดฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ฯƒ ฯ‰ฮนฯ„ฮท ฮฑฮฝ ฮนฮฝฯ„ฮตฯฯฮฟฮณโˆ’
ฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯฯˆโˆ’ฯฮตฯ‡ฮฟฮฝฮฝฮฑฮนฯƒฯƒฮฑฮฝฯ‡ฮต ยตฮนฯƒฯƒฮนฮฟฮฝ. ฮ™ฮฝ ฮฟฯ„ฮทฮตฯ ฯ‰ฮฟฯฮดฯƒ, ฯ‡ฮฟฮฝฯƒฮนฮดฮตฯ
๎„๎–๎Ž๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎–๎’๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎”๎˜๎ˆ๎–๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎š๎Œ๎๎๎€ƒ๎‰๎’๎•๎†๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎‘๎ˆ๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‡๎ˆ๎‘โˆ’
ฯ„ฮนฯ†ฯˆ ฮฑฮฝฮด ฮดฮตฯƒฯ‡ฯฮนฮฒฮต ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮดฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ฯƒ ฯ„ฮทฮฑฯ„ ฯˆฮฟฯ… ยตฮนฮณฮทฯ„ ฮฝฮตฮตฮด
ฮฒฮตฯ†ฮฟฯฮต ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฮดฮตยตฮฑฮฝฮด ฯ„ฮทฮตยต.
NOTE: FOR PARTIES ONLY
Do not fโ€Œire this weapon at civilians. The Notice
for Production is not to be used for non-parties. It
may only be served upon parties to the litigation.4
All others must be served in accordance with the
rules pertaining to the subpoena.5
CAUTION!
This chapter approaches production from a
traditional stance, from a time when paper was
the primary target. Day by day, however, we are
becoming more paperless. Be certain, therefore, to
include electronic and digital media in your requests.
And, more particularly, you must review Chapter 3.
ยง7.11 Mixing Other Weapons
ฮ™ฯ„ ฮนฯƒ ฮฝฮฟฯ„ ฯ…ฮฝฯ‡ฮฟยตยตฮฟฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟ ฯ…ฯƒฮต ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮฮฟฯ„ฮนฯ‡ฮต ฯ†ฮฟฯ ฮ ฯฮฟฮดฯ…ฯ‡ฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ
ฮนฮฝ ฯ‡ฮฟฮฝฯ•ฯ…ฮฝฯ‡ฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ฯ‰ฮนฯ„ฮท ฮฟฯ„ฮทฮตฯ ฮดฮนฯƒฯ‡ฮฟฯ–ฮตฯฯˆ ฯ‰ฮตฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮฝฯƒ. ฮคฮทฮต ยตฮฟฯƒฯ„
ฯ‡ฮฟยตยตฮฟฮฝ ฮฑฯ‡ฯ‡ฮฟยตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮนยตฮตฮฝฯ„ ฮนฮฝฯ–ฮฟฮปฯ–ฮตฯƒ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮฮฟฯ„ฮนฯ‡ฮต ฮฟฯ† โˆ†ฮตฯ€ฮฟฯƒฮนโˆ’
ฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ.6 ฮ“ฮตฮฝฮตฯฮฑฮปฮปฯˆ, ฮทฮฟฯ‰ฮตฯ–ฮตฯ, ฮ™ ฮดฮฟ ฮฝฮฟฯ„ ฯฮตฯ‡ฮฟยตยตฮตฮฝฮด ฯ‡ฮฟยตฮฒฮนฮฝฮนฮฝฮณ
ฮฑ ฮฮฟฯ„ฮนฯ‡ฮต ฯ†ฮฟฯ ฮ ฯฮฟฮดฯ…ฯ‡ฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฮด ฮฑ ฮฮฟฯ„ฮนฯ‡ฮต ฮฟฯ† โˆ†ฮตฯ€ฮฟฯƒฮนฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ;
1 ฮคฮทฮนฯƒ ฯ€ฮฑฯฯ„ฮนฯ‡ฯ…ฮปฮฑฯ ฯ‡ฮทฮฑฯ€ฯ„ฮตฯ ฮนฯƒ ฯ‡ฮฟฮฝฯ‡ฮตฯฮฝฮตฮด ฮฟฮฝฮปฯˆ๎€ƒ๎š๎Œ๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎‡๎’๎†๎˜๎๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎–๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฑ๎’๎—๎ˆ๎€๎€ƒ๎‹๎’๎š๎ˆ๎™๎ˆ๎•๎€๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎๎’๎–๎—๎€ƒ๎†๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎€ƒ๎•๎˜๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎…๎’๎’๎Ž๎–๎€ƒ๎€‹๎–๎—๎„๎—๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎‰๎ˆ๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎๎“๎๎’๎œ๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎–๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎•๎˜๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ
ฮตฮฝฯ‡ฮฟยตฯ€ฮฑฯƒฯƒ ๎‚“ฮดฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ฯƒ ฮฑฮฝฮด ฯ„ฮทฮนฮฝฮณฯƒ,๎‚” ฮฑ ฯฮตฮปฮฑฯ„ฮนฯ–ฮตฮปฯˆ ฮนฮฝฯ‡ฮฟฮฝฮณฯฯ…ฮฟฯ…ฯƒ ยตฮนฮพฯ„ฯ…ฯฮต. ฮคฮทฮต ฯฯ…ฮปฮตฯƒ ฮดฯฮฑฯ†ฯ„ฮตฯฯƒ ฮฑฯฮต ฯ€ฯฮตฯƒฯ…ยตฮฑฮฒฮปฯˆ ฯฮตฯ†ฮตฯฯฮนฮฝฮณ ฯ„ฮฟ ๎‚“ฯฮตฮฑฮป ฮตฯ–ฮนฮดฮตฮฝฯ‡ฮต๎‚” ฯ‰ฮทฮตฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮตฯˆ ฯ…ฯƒฮต
๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎—๎ˆ๎•๎๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎—๎‹๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎–๎€๎‚ด๎€ƒ๎„๎๎—๎‹๎’๎˜๎Š๎‹๎€ƒ๎œ๎’๎˜๎€ƒ๎†๎„๎‘๎‘๎’๎—๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎„๎๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎ˆ๎•๎—๎„๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎š๎‹๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎œ๎€ƒ๎„๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎Œ๎‘๎Ž๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฌ๎‘๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎œ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎™๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‡๎Œ๎–๎—๎Œ๎‘๎†๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ๎—๎š๎ˆ๎ˆ๎‘๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎‡๎’๎†๎˜๎๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎–๎‚ด๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎—๎‹๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎–๎‚ด๎€ƒ
๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎๎“๎’๎•๎—๎„๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‡๎Œ๎ตต๎ˆ๎•๎ˆ๎‘๎†๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎…๎ˆ๎—๎š๎ˆ๎ˆ๎‘๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎„๎๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎‡๎’๎†๎˜๎๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎„๎•๎œ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎™๎Œ๎‡๎ˆ๎‘๎†๎ˆ๎€ž๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎„๎†๎‹๎€ƒ๎๎„๎—๎—๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎š๎„๎•๎•๎„๎‘๎—๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎—๎–๎€ƒ๎’๎š๎‘๎€ƒ ๎–๎ˆ๎“๎„๎•๎„๎—๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎‹๎„๎“๎—๎ˆ๎•๎–๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ท๎‹๎˜๎–๎€๎€ƒ๎œ๎’๎˜๎•๎€ƒ๎–๎’๎€๎†๎„๎๎๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ
๎‚ณ๎—๎‹๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎–๎‚ด๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎’๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎–๎—๎˜๎ตต๎‚ด๎€ƒ๎š๎Œ๎๎๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‡๎ˆ๎„๎๎—๎€ƒ๎š๎Œ๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎‹๎„๎“๎—๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎€›๎€‘
2 ฮฃฮตฮต โ™ฃ14.10 ฯ†ฮฟฯ ฮฑฮดฮดฮนฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝฮฑฮป ฮดฮนฯƒฯ‡ฯ…ฯƒฯƒฮนฮฟฮฝฯƒ ฯ€ฮตฯฯ„ฮฑฮนฮฝฮนฮฝฮณ ฯ„ฮฟ ฯ‰ฮฟฯฮบโˆ’ฯ„ฮฟโˆ’ฮณฯฮนฮตฯ† ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฟ.
3 ฮฆฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮทฮฟฯƒฮต ฮฟฯ† ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฯ‰ฮทฮฟ ยตฮตฮฑฯƒฯ…ฯฮต ฯ–ฮนฯ‡ฯ„ฮฟฯฯˆ ฮฒฯˆ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯ–ฮฟฮปฯ…ยตฮต ฮฟฯ† ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯฮตฯƒฯ€ฮฟฮฝฯƒฮต, ฯฮตยตฮตยตฮฒฮตฯ ฮ ฯˆฯฯฮทฯ…ฯƒ ฮฟฯ† ฮ•ฯ€ฮนฯฯ…ฯƒ: ๎‚“ฮŸฮฝฮต ยตฮฟฯฮต ฯƒฯ…ฯ‡ฮท ฯ–ฮนฯ‡ฯ„ฮฟฯฯˆ ฮฑฮฝฮด ฯ‰ฮต ฮฑฯฮต ฯ…ฮฝฮดฮฟฮฝฮต.๎‚”
4 ฮฃฮตฮต ฮ™ฮฝ ฯฮต ฮ“ฯฮตฮตฮฝฯ‰ฮฟฮฟฮด ฮ‘ฮนฯ ฮงฯฮฑฯƒฮท๎€๎€ƒ๎€”๎€™๎€”๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎€‘๎€ต๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€–๎€›๎€š๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ถ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฌ๎‘๎‡๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€”๎€œ๎€œ๎€˜๎€Œ๎€‘
๎€˜๎€ƒ ๎€ถ๎ˆ๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎€ต๎˜๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎€—๎€˜๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎ˆ๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎€ƒ๎€ต๎˜๎๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎•๎’๎†๎ˆ๎‡๎˜๎•๎ˆ๎€‘
6๎€ƒ ๎€ถ๎ˆ๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎๎œ๎€๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎‹๎„๎“๎—๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎€”๎€˜๎€‘
๎€š๎€ƒ ๎€ฌ๎‘๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎„๎†๎—๎Œ๎†๎ˆ๎€๎€ƒ๎Œ๎—๎€ƒ๎–๎ˆ๎ˆ๎๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‰๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎’๎–๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎‡๎ˆ๎‰๎ˆ๎‘๎‡๎„๎‘๎—๎–๎€ƒ๎š๎Œ๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎™๎ˆ๎•๎œ๎€ƒ๎๎Œ๎๎Œ๎—๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎–๎’๎˜๎•๎†๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎’๎–๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎š๎Œ๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎˜๎‘๎๎Œ๎๎Œ๎—๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎–๎’๎˜๎•๎†๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎€‹๎Œ๎€‘๎ˆ๎€‘๎€๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎–๎˜๎•๎„๎‘๎†๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎„๎•๎•๎Œ๎ˆ๎•๎–๎€Œ๎€ƒ ๎š๎ˆ๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎๎’๎–๎—๎€ƒ
๎๎Œ๎Ž๎ˆ๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎–๎ˆ๎—๎—๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎˜๎‘๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎•๎ˆ๎€ž๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎Œ๎—๎Œ๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎๎Œ๎‡๎‡๎๎ˆ๎€๎‚ด๎€ƒ๎‹๎’๎š๎ˆ๎™๎ˆ๎•๎€๎€ƒ๎š๎ˆ๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎๎š๎„๎œ๎–๎€ƒ๎๎„๎–๎—๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎–๎˜๎•๎•๎ˆ๎‘๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎€‘
๎€›๎€ƒ ๎€ฒ๎‘๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎๎’๎–๎—๎€ƒ๎Œ๎๎“๎’๎•๎—๎„๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎–๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎‘๎–๎Œ๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎Š๎„๎•๎‡๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎€ต๎˜๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎€›๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎’๎˜๎•๎€ƒฮŸฮฒฮปฮนฮณฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯฯˆ ฮ›ฮนฯƒฯ„ ฮฟฯ† ฮงฯฮฟฯƒฯƒโˆ’ ฮ•ฮพฮฑยตฮนฮฝฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ฮงฮฟยตยตฮฑฮฝฮดยตฮตฮฝฯ„ฯƒ: ๎‚“ฮฮตฯ–ฮตฯ ฯ•ฯ…ยตฯ€ ฯ„ฮทฮต
๎Š๎˜๎‘๎€ƒ๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ๎†๎’๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎’๎™๎ˆ๎•๎„๎‘๎›๎Œ๎’๎˜๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎€ƒ๎œ๎’๎˜๎€ƒ๎๎„๎œ๎€ƒ๎œ๎’๎˜๎•๎€ƒ๎‰๎’๎˜๎‘๎‡๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎‰๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎Œ๎๎“๎ˆ๎„๎†๎‹๎๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฐ๎„๎Ž๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎ˆ๎•๎—๎„๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎–๎‹๎€ƒ๎‹๎„๎–๎€ƒ๎–๎š๎„๎๎๎’๎š๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‹๎’๎’๎Ž๎€‘๎‚ด๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎ˆ๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎‚†๎€”๎€“๎€‘๎€˜๎€–๎€‘
ฮ™ ฯ€ฯฮตฯ†ฮตฯ ฮนฮฝฯƒฯ„ฮตฮฑฮด ฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฮตฮต ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯ‰ฯฮนฯ„ฮนฮฝฮณฯƒ ฮนฮฝ ฮฑฮดฯ–ฮฑฮฝฯ‡ฮต ฮฟฯ† ฯ„ฮทฮต
ฮดฮตฯ€ฮฟฯƒฮนฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟ ฯ€ฮตฯยตฮนฯ„ ฯ„ฮนยตฮต ฯ†ฮฟฯ ฯ€ฯฮตฯ€ฮฑฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฮด ฯ‡ฯฮฟฯƒฯƒโˆ’ฮตฮพโˆ’
ฮฑยตฮนฮฝฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ. ฮคฮทฮตฯฮต ฮฑฯฮต, ฮทฮฟฯ‰ฮตฯ–ฮตฯ, ฮฑ ฯ†ฮตฯ‰ ฮตฮพฯ‡ฮตฯ€ฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝฯƒ ฯ‰ฮทฮตฯฮต
ฯƒฯ…ฯ‡ฮท ฮฑ ฯ‡ฮฟยตฮฒฮนฮฝฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ยตฮนฮณฮทฯ„ ฮฒฮต ฯฮตฯ‡ฮฟยตยตฮตฮฝฯ‡ฮตฮด:
๎€พ๎€”๎€๎€ƒ ๎€ฌ๎‰๎€ƒ๎Œ๎—๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎“๎„๎•๎—๎€ƒ ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎…๎๎Œ๎—๎๎Ž๎•๎Œ๎ˆ๎Š๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎„๎†๎Ž๎€ƒ๎š๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎ˆ๎…๎œ๎€ƒ๎–๎ˆ๎™โˆ’
ฮตฯฮฑฮป ฯ‰ฮตฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮฝฯƒ ฮฑฯฮต ฮปฮฑฯ…ฮฝฯ‡ฮทฮตฮด ฯƒฮนยตฯ…ฮปฯ„ฮฑฮฝฮตฮฟฯ…ฯƒฮปฯˆ. ฮคฮทฮนฯƒ
ยตฮตฯ„ฮทฮฟฮด ฮนฯƒ ฮณฮตฮฝฮตฯฮฑฮปฮปฯˆ ฮดฮตฯ€ฮปฮฟฯˆฮตฮด ฯ†ฮฟฯ ฯฮตฮปฮฑฯ„ฮนฯ–ฮตฮปฯˆ ฯƒยตฮฑฮปฮป
ฯ‡ฮฑฯƒฮตฯƒ ฯ‰ฮทฮตฯฮตฮนฮฝ ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฯ‰ฮฑฮฝฯ„ ฮฑฮฝ ฮนฮฝฯƒฯ…ฯฮฑฮฝฯ‡ฮต ฯ‡ฮฑฯฯฮนฮตฯ ฮฟฯ
๎„๎€ƒ๎š๎ˆ๎„๎Ž๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎‘๎ˆ๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎†๎„๎™๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎–๎ˆ๎—๎—๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎”๎˜๎Œ๎†๎Ž๎๎œ๎€‘๎€š
๎€พ๎€•๎€๎€ƒ ๎€ฌ๎‰๎€ƒ๎œ๎’๎˜๎€ƒ๎„๎๎•๎ˆ๎„๎‡๎œ๎€ƒ๎‹๎„๎™๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎“๎Œ๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎Ž๎‘๎’๎š๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎‘๎—๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎–๎€ƒ
ฮฟฯ† ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯ‰ฯฮนฯ„ฮนฮฝฮณฯƒ ฯ„ฮทฮฑฯ„ ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฮฑฯฮต ฮดฮตยตฮฑฮฝฮดฮนฮฝฮณ, ฮฑฮฝฮด
ฮดฮฟ ฮฝฮฟฯ„ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฯ‡ฮนฯ€ฮฑฯ„ฮต ฮฑฮฝฯˆ ฯƒฯ…ฯฯ€ฯฮนฯƒฮตฯƒ ฯ„ฮทฮฑฯ„ ยตฮฑฯˆ ฮปฮตฮฑฯ–ฮต
ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฯ…ฮฝฯ€ฯฮตฯ€ฮฑฯฮตฮด.
[3] ฮ™ฯ† ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮดฮตฯ€ฮฟฯƒฮนฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ฯƒฮนฯ„ฮต ฮฑฮฝฮด ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮดฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ฯƒ ฮฑฯฮต
๎๎’๎†๎„๎—๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎–๎’๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‡๎Œ๎–๎—๎„๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎…๎˜๎•๎Š๎€ƒ๎€‹๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎–๎˜๎†๎‹๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎†๎„๎–๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎œ๎’๎˜๎€ƒ
ฯƒฮทฮฟฯ…ฮปฮด ฮปฮตฮฑฯ–ฮต ฮฑยตฯ€ฮปฮต ฯ„ฮนยตฮต ฮฒฮตฯ„ฯ‰ฮตฮตฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯƒฯ‡ฮทฮตฮดฯ…ฮปฮตฮด
ฯ€ฯฮฟฮดฯ…ฯ‡ฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฮด ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯฯ„ ฮฟฯ† ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮดฮตฯ€ฮฟฯƒฮนฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ, ฮฑฮฝฮด
ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฯƒฮทฮฟฯ…ฮปฮด ฯ‰ฮฑฯฮฝ ฯˆฮฟฯ…ฯ ฮฟฯ€ฯ€ฮฟฯƒฮนฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ฮฑฮฒฮฟฯ…ฯ„ ฯˆฮฟฯ…ฯ
๎„๎‘๎—๎Œ๎†๎Œ๎“๎„๎—๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎‡๎ˆ๎๎„๎œ๎€Œ๎€‘
[4] ฮ™ฯ† ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฮฑฯฮต ฯฯ…ฮฝฮฝฮนฮฝฮณ ฯƒฮทฮฟฯฯ„ ฮฟฯ† ฯ„ฮนยตฮต, ฮฟฯ ฯ†ฮฑฯ‡ฮนฮฝฮณ ฯ„ฮทฮต
๎‡๎ˆ๎„๎‡๎๎Œ๎‘๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‰๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎“๎๎ˆ๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎‡๎Œ๎–๎†๎’๎™๎ˆ๎•๎œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎—๎‹๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€๎€ƒ
ฮฟฯ† ฯ‡ฮฟฯ…ฯฯƒฮต, ฮฑ ฯƒฮนฯ„ฯ…ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮฑฯ„ ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฯ‰ฮฑฮฝฯ„ ฯ–ฮตฯฯˆ ยตฯ…ฯ‡ฮท
๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎„๎™๎’๎Œ๎‡๎€ƒ๎…๎œ๎€ƒ๎–๎—๎•๎Œ๎Ž๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎„๎•๎๎œ๎€Œ๎€‘
๎€พ๎€˜๎€๎€ƒ ๎€ฌ๎‰๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‡๎ˆ๎“๎’๎–๎Œ๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎—๎„๎Ž๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎“๎๎„๎†๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎’๎ตถ๎†๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ
๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‡๎ˆ๎“๎’๎‘๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎œ๎’๎˜๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎”๎˜๎Œ๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‹๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ ๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎‹๎ˆ๎๎“๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ
ฮนฮดฮตฮฝฯ„ฮนฯ†ฯˆฮนฮฝฮณ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮดฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ฯƒ ฯ„ฮทฮฑฯ„ ฯˆฮฟฯ… ฮฝฮตฮตฮด.
๎€พ๎€™๎€๎€ƒ ๎€ฌ๎‰๎€ƒ๎œ๎’๎˜๎€ƒ๎„๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎’๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎š๎Œ๎–๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎—๎„๎Ž๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‡๎ˆ๎“๎’๎–๎Œ๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œโˆ’
ยตฮฑฯฮนฮปฯˆ ฯ†ฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯ€ฯ…ฯฯ€ฮฟฯƒฮต ฮฟฯ† ฮปฮฟฯ‡ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฝฮณ ฮฑฮฝฮด ฮนฮดฮตฮฝฯ„ฮนฯ†ฯˆฮนฮฝฮณ
ฮดฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ฯƒ. ฮฃฯ…ฯ‡ฮท ฮฑ ฯƒฮนฯ„ฯ…ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ฮนฯƒ ฯ„ฯˆฯ€ฮนฯ‡ฮฑฮปฮปฯˆ ฯฮตฯ†ฮตฯฯฮตฮด
๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎‡๎ˆ๎“๎’๎–๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎…๎’๎’๎Ž๎Ž๎ˆ๎ˆ๎“๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎’๎•๎€ƒฮงฯ…ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮดฮนฮฑฮฝ
ฮฟฯ† โˆ†ฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ฯƒ.๎‚”
๎€บ๎‹๎ˆ๎‘๎€ƒ๎š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎–๎“๎ˆ๎„๎Ž๎€ƒ ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎๎Œ๎›๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎š๎ˆ๎„๎“๎’๎‘๎–๎€๎€ƒ๎š๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎„๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎…๎„๎–๎Œโˆ’
๎†๎„๎๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎—๎„๎๎Ž๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ ๎„๎…๎’๎˜๎—๎€ƒ ๎–๎Œ๎๎˜๎๎—๎„๎‘๎ˆ๎’๎˜๎–๎€ƒ ๎–๎˜๎…๎๎Œ๎–๎–๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€๎€ƒ ๎š๎‹๎Œ๎†๎‹๎€ƒ
ฯ‡ฮฑฮฝ ฯ‡ฮตฯฯ„ฮฑฮนฮฝฮปฯˆ ฮฒฮต ฮฑ ฯ„ฮนยตฮต ฯƒฮฑฯ–ฮนฮฝฮณ ยตฮตฯ„ฮทฮฟฮด. ฮ’ฯ…ฯ„ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯ–ฮฑฮปฯ…ฮต ฮฟฯ†
ฮตฮพฯ€ฮตฮดฮนฮตฮฝฯ‡ฯˆ ฯƒฮทฮฟฯ…ฮปฮด ฮฒฮต ฯ‡ฮฑฯฮตฯ†ฯ…ฮปฮปฯˆ ฯ‰ฮตฮนฮณฮทฮตฮด ฮฑฮณฮฑฮนฮฝฯƒฯ„ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮดฮตฯƒฮนฯโˆ’
ฮฑฮฒฮนฮปฮนฯ„ฯˆ ฮฟฯ† ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮปฯˆฮถฮนฮฝฮณ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮดฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ฯƒ ฮฒฮตฯ†ฮฟฯฮต ฯ…ฯƒฮนฮฝฮณ ฯ„ฮทฮตยต.
ฮ™ฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮนฯƒ ฯ‰ฮตฮนฮณฮทฮนฮฝฮณ ฯ€ฯฮฟฯ‡ฮตฯƒฯƒ, ฮฝฮตฯ–ฮตฯ ฯ…ฮฝฮดฮตฯฮตฯƒฯ„ฮนยตฮฑฯ„ฮต ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯ€ฮฟฯ‰ฮตฯ
ฮฟฯ† ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮดฮฟฯ‡ฯ…ยตฮตฮฝฯ„ ฯ‰ฮนฯ„ฮท ฯฮตฯƒฯ€ฮตฯ‡ฯ„ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮนยตฯ€ฮตฮฑฯ‡ฮทยตฮตฮฝฯ„. ฮคฮทฮต ยตฮฟฯƒฯ„
ฮดฮตฯ–ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฝฮณ ฮฒฮปฮฟฯ‰ฯƒ ฮฟฯ† ฮฑ ฮดฮนฯƒฯ‡ฮฟฯ–ฮตฯฯˆ ฯ‡ฮฑยตฯ€ฮฑฮนฮณฮฝ ฮฑฯฮต ฮฟฯ†ฯ„ฮตฮฝ ฮดฮตฮฑฮปฯ„
ฯ‰ฮนฯ„ฮท ฮฑฯƒ ฯ‡ฮฟฮฝฯ„ฯฮฑฮดฮนฯ‡ฯ„ฮฟฯฯˆ ฯ‰ฯฮนฯ„ฮนฮฝฮณฯƒ ฯƒฮปฮฑฯ€ฯ€ฮตฮด ฮดฮฟฯ‰ฮฝ ฮนฮฝ ฯ†ฯฮฟฮฝฯ„ ฮฟฯ† ฮฑ
ฮดฮตฯ€ฮฟฮฝฮตฮฝฯ„ ฮดฯ…ฯฮนฮฝฮณ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฯ‡ฮฟฯ…ฯฯƒฮต ฮฟฯ† ฮฑ ฮดฮตฯ€ฮฟฯƒฮนฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ.๎€›๎€ƒ๎€ท๎‹๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎–๎๎„๎†๎Ž๎€ƒ
๎‡๎’๎š๎‘๎‚ด๎€ƒ๎๎Œ๎Š๎‹๎—๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎”๎˜๎Œ๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎–๎’๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎„๎๎œ๎–๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎„๎‡๎™๎„๎‘๎†๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎“๎๎„๎‘๎‘๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€‘

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