People v. Bonet

206 N.Y.S.3d 675

PEOPLE of State of New York; respondent,

v.Alfredo BONET, appellant.

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, New York.

Submitted—February 9, 2024

March 6, 2024

Twyla Carter, New York, NY (Hilary Dowling of counsel), for appellant.

Eric Gonzalez, District Attorhey, Brooklyn, NY (Leonard Joblove, Gamaliel Marrero, and Isaac Rounseville of counsel), for respondent.

BETSY BARROS, J.P., LINDA CHRISTOPHER, DEBORAH A. DOWLING, JANICE A. TAYLOR, JJ.

DECISION & ORDER

Appeal by the defendant from an order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Guy J. Mangano, Jr., J.), dated November 17, 2021, which, after a hearing, designated the defendant a level three sex offender pursuant to Correction Law article 6–C.

ORDERED that the order is affirmed, without costs or disbursements.

The defendant was convicted, upon his plea of guilty, of attempted murder in the second degree (Penal Law §§ 110.00, 125.25[1]) and rape in the first degree (id. § 130.35[1]) and was sentenced to 18 years in prison. After a hearing pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration Act (Correction Law art 6–C; hereinafter SORA), the Supreme Court assessed the defendant a total of 100 points on the risk assessment instrument and applied an automatic override based on the defendant’s infliction of serious physical injury, resulting in a presumptive designation as a level three sex offender (see Sex Offender Registration Act: Risk Assessment Guidelines and Commentary at 3–4 [2006] [hereinafter Guidelines]), denied the defendant’s application for a downward departure, and designated the defendant a level three sex offender. The defendant appeals.

[1] " ‘[The Guidelines] promulgated by the Board of Examiners of Sex Offenders contain four overrides that automatically result in a presumptive risk assessment of level three’ " (People v. Barry, 213 A.D.3d 779, 780, 182 N.Y.S.3d 758, quoting People v. Lobello, 123 A.D.3d 993, 994, 999 N.Y.S.2d 179). "The Board decided to treat these factors as overrides (rather than scoring them heavily) because each provides compelling evidence that an offender poses a serious risk to public safety" (Guidelines at 4). One of the overrides is for the infliction of serious, physical injury (see Correction Law §, 168–n[3]; People v. Taylor, 47 A.D.3d 907, 908, 850 N.Y.S.2d 195). The term "serious physical injury" includes "physical injury which creates a substantial risk of death" (Penal Law § 10.00[10]; see Guidelines at 19; People v. Rivera, 222 A.D.3d 596, 202 N.Y.S.3d 94). " ‘The People bear the burden of proving the applicability of a particular override by clear and convincing evidence’ " (People v. Barry, 213 A.D.3d at 780, 182 N.Y.S.3d 758, quoting People v. Lobello, 123 A.D.3d at 994, 999 N.Y.S.2d 179; see Correction Law § 168–n[3]). " ‘Once the People have sustained this burden, a SORA court is not possessed of any discretion in determining whether to apply [an] override; the application of the override is automatic’ " (People v. Balcerak, 212 A.D.3d 662, 663, 181 N.Y.S.3d 612 [internal quotation marks omitted], quoting People v. Johnson, 135 A.D.3d 720, 720–721, 22 N.Y.S.3d 238).

[2] Contrary to the defendant’s contention, the People sustained their burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence the applicability of the override based on the defendant’s infliction of serious physical injury. The evidence established that, after raping the victim in her apartment, and with the intent to cause her death, the defendant repeatedly struck the victim in the head with a hard object, causing her to suffer a major depressed skull fracture with massive bleeding, stabbed the victim in the abdomen, and set a covering that the defendant had placed over the victim’s body and head on fire. Although the victim escaped, she underwent numerous blood transfusions and surgery for the skull fracture, including implantation of a mesh where her skull was in pieces, and remained hospitalized for at least eight days. This evidence was sufficient to establish that the, victim suffered a substantial risk of death (see People v. Rivera, 222 A.D.3d at 596, 202 N.Y.S.3d 94; People v. Cadorette, 41 A.D.3d 808, 840 N.Y.S.2d 367; see also Matter of Mackenzie P.G. [Tiffany P.], 148 A.D.3d 1015, 1016, 48 N.Y.S.3d 778).

[3, 4] Further, the Supreme Court properly denied the defendant’s application for a downward departure to a risk level two designation. A defendant seeking a downward departure from the presumptive risk level has the initial burden of "(1) identifying, as a matter of law, an appropriate mitigating factor, namely, a factor which tends to establish a lower likelihood of reoffense or danger to the community and is of a kind, or to a degree, that is otherwise not adequately taken into account by the Guidelines; and (2) establishing the facts in support of its existence by a preponderance of the evidence" (People v. Wyatt, 89 AD.3d 112, 128, 931 N.Y.S.2d 85; see Guidelines at 4; People v. Gillotti, 23 N.Y.3d 841, 861, 994 N.Y.S.2d 1, 18 N.E.3d 701). "If the...