People v. Curtis

1

THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. RAEMEL CURTIS, Defendant and Appellant.

C098053

California Court of Appeals, Third District, Sacramento

January 22, 2024

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

(Super. Ct. No. 22FE015523)

EARL P. J.

Defendant Raemel Curtis appeals a judgment following his conviction by jury of petty theft, second degree robbery, and being a felon in possession of a firearm, and the trial court's determination that he had suffered a prior strike conviction for which he received an aggregate prison sentence of six years. Defendant's contention on appeal is that his attorney rendered ineffective assistance of counsel by failing to: (1) bring a motion under People v. Superior Court (Romero) (1996) 13 Cal.4th 497 to strike his prior strike and (2) request the trial court stay his $300 restitution fine in accordance with People v Duenas (2019) 30 Cal.App.5th 1157. We affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

The People's second amended information charged defendant with felony theft (Pen. Code, § 487, subd. (c); count one);^[1] second degree robbery (§ 211; count two); and being a felon in possession of a firearm (§ 29800, subd. (a)(1); count three). The information further alleged several aggravating sentencing factors (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 4.421)^[2] and that defendant had suffered a prior strike conviction (§§ 667 subds. (b)-(i), 1170.12) as well as a prior serious felony conviction (§ 667 subd. (a)).

At defendant's jury trial, the People presented evidence that on July 25, 2022, the victim, S.S.,^[3] drove to Bank of America to deposit money for his son-in-law's convenience store. S.S. also withdrew $1,100 in change, which he placed in a bag before returning to the store. Upon returning to the store, S.S. parked, got out of his car, and started walking towards the store. As he did, a man came running up behind him and stole the bag with the money. S.S. reported the theft and provided three digits of the license plate number for the black car used by the thief to flee. Police later utilized unique characteristics of the car from the convenience store video footage and the three license plate numbers to identify a matching Mercedes belonging to defendant. Video surveillance from Bank of America showed a black sedan parked at the bank while S.S. was in the bank. After S.S. left, the sedan appeared to follow him.

On August 24, 2022, another victim, M.A., was sitting in her parked car in a parking lot outside of a dental office, with the door open talking on her cell phone. A man came up grabbed the phone, and yanked M.A.'s purse away leaving marks on her arm. The man then fled in a black car. Following the theft, M.A. found three phones near her car, including her own. M.A.'s purse had $260 in cash, as well as her credit and bank cards.

Later that day, M.A.'s bank cards were found in the moonroof of defendant's Mercedes during a traffic stop, but the officer was not aware of the theft and let defendant leave following the traffic stop. Information from a tracker placed on defendant's Mercedes following the convenience store theft showed defendant's Mercedes at the location of M.A.'s robbery when it occurred. Four of M.A.'s bank cards and other incriminating evidence were later recovered during a subsequent search of defendant's Mercedes.

On September 14, 2022, police executed a search warrant of the address of record for defendant's black Mercedes. Therein they found S.S.'s bag, and inside that bag was a loaded Glock pistol, drum magazine, and set of digital scales. Defendant's then-fiancee owned a Glock pistol, which she kept in a locked box in her bedroom closet. She did not put her gun in the bag in her storage shed and confirmed the Glock presented in court belonged to her.

Following the close of evidence, defendant agreed all aggravating factors would be tried before the judge at the bifurcated trial. Thereafter, the jury found defendant guilty of petty theft, second degree robbery, and being a felon in possession of a firearm. The matter of the aggravating factors and defendant's prior serious felony and prior strike convictions would be determined the same day as sentencing.

On March 3, 2023, the parties waived the preparation of a probation report, and the trial court found true the allegations that defendant had suffered a prior strike and a prior serious felony conviction. The trial court also found true the aggravating allegations that the manner of M.A.'s robbery indicated planning (rule 4.421(a)(8)) and that defendant had served a prior prison term (rule 4.421(b)(3)), but found not true the allegation that defendant engaged in violent conduct indicating a serious danger to society (rule 4.421(b)(1)). The People asked for an aggregate sentence of 16 years four months, while defendant requested four years (the low term doubled) for the robbery, plus 16 months (one-third the midterm doubled) for the firearm possession. The trial court did not follow either of these requests.

Instead, the trial court noted in light of the purse snatching nature of the robbery, defendant would have received a low term sentence and probation, but for the fact of his prior strike and lengthy prison term he served, which was then followed by the instant thefts. Thus, the trial court determined that six years (the midterm doubled) for the robbery, plus a concurrent term of four years (two years doubled) for the firearm possession struck the appropriate balance. The trial court also struck the five-year prior serious felony enhancement, and the trial court declined to impose more time for the petty theft. When informed by the parties that the trial court could not impose a concurrent term for the firearm count because of the prior strike, the trial court alternatively struck the prior strike as to the firearm count only. Thus, defendant received an aggregate prison sentence of six years with credit for 171 actual days, plus 26 conduct days for a total of 197 days' custody credit.

The trial court also imposed a $300 restitution fine (§ 1202.4), a $300 suspended parole revocation restitution fine (§ 1202.45), and ordered restitution to the victims in an amount to be determined. In light of defendant's request to "waive any non-mandatory fees, given [defendant's] indigent status," the trial court struck the $30 conviction assessment (Gov. Code, § 70373) and $40 court operations assessment (§ 1465.8) fees that had just been imposed per count. Defendant timely appealed.

DISCUSSION

"To show ineffective assistance of counsel, defendant has the burden of proving that counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing professional norms, and that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result would have been different." (People v. Kelly (1992) 1 Cal.4th 495 519-520.)" '[E]ven "debatable trial tactics" do not "constitute a deprivation of the effective assistance of counsel." [Citation.]'" (People v. Weaver (2001) 26 Cal.4th 876, 928.)

A. The Prior Strike

Defendant complains he received ineffective assistance of counsel because had his attorney requested the trial court strike his prior strike conviction, there is a reasonable probability the trial court would have granted this request in light of his age at the time of the strike conviction and that this conviction was remote. We disagree.

The trial court has wide discretion in determining whether to strike a strike under Romero and must decide "whether, in light of the nature and circumstances of his present felonies and prior serious and/or violent felony convictions, and the particulars of his background, character, and prospects, the defendant may be deemed outside the [Three Strikes] scheme's spirit, in whole or in part, and hence should be treated as though he had not previously been convicted of one or more serious and/or violent felonies." (People v. Williams (1998) 17 Cal.4th 148, 161.)

We see nothing in the record establishing that, had defendant requested the trial court strike his prior strike for all purposes, it is reasonably probable that the result would have been different. (Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668, 688, 694.) On the contrary, the trial court carefully considered its options in determining the appropriate sentence for defendant. In so doing, the trial court exercised its discretion to strike the five-year prior felony...