People v. Hall

205 N.Y.S.3d 283

The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent,

v.Patrick HALL, Appellant.

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department, New York.

Calendar Date: February 9, 2024

Decided and Entered: March 14, 2024

Terrence M. Kelly, Albany, for appellant.

Robert M. Carney, District Attorney, Schenectady (Peter H. Willis of counsel), for respondent.

Before: Aarons, J.P., Pritzker, Ceresia, Fisher and Mackey, JJ.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court (Kathleen B. Hogan, J.), rendered June 25, 2020 in Schenectady County, convicting defendant upon his plea of guilty of the crimes of assault in the second degree and criminal contempt in the first degree.

In satisfaction of a five-count indictment, defendant pleaded guilty to assault in the second degree and criminal contempt in the first degree pursuant to a plea agreement that included a waiver of appeal. The charges stem from defendant’s conduct in becoming violent after his former girlfriend, in whose favor a no-contact order of protection was in place, gave him a ride; when she attempted to flee, a neighbor intervened and defendant repeatedly punched him, in the head and smashed his face against the pavement, causing serious physical injuries. Pursuant to the plea agreement, defendant signed a written waiver of appeal. Consistent with the terms of the agreement, Supreme Court sentenced defendant, upon his assault in the second degree conviction, to a prison term of five years to be followed by three years of postrelease supervision, and to a one-year jail term upon his conviction of criminal contempt in the first degree.

Initially, we agree with defendant’s argument that his waiver of appeal is not valid. The written appeal waiver contains language that has been held to be overly broad and inaccurate, purporting to erect an absolute bar to a direct appeal by providing that the waiver "will mark the end of my case" and preclude pursuit of an appeal "in any State or Federal court" or a "collateral[ ] attack in any State or Federal Court" (see People v. Bisono, 36 N.Y.3d 1013, 1017-4018, 140 N.Y.S.3d 433, 164 N.E.3d 239 [2020]; People v. Thomas, 34 N.Y.3d 545, 558, 566, 122 N.Y.S.3d 226, 144 N.E.3d 970 [2019]; People v. Dunbar, 218 A.D.3d 931, 932, 193, N.Y.S.3d 397 [3d Dept. 2023], lv denied 40 N.Y.3d 950, 195 N.Y.S.3d 677, 217 N.E.3d 698 [2023]; People v. McLaughlin, 208 A.D.3d 1556, 1557, 175 N.Y.S.3d 152 [3d Dept. 2022], lv denied 39 N.Y.3d 1074, 183 N.Y.S.3d 789, 204 N.E.3d 425 [2023]; People v. Nisby, 207 A.D.3d 876, 876, 172 N.Y.S.3d 190 [3d Dept. 2022], lv denied 38 N.Y.3d 1189, 176 N.Y.S.3d 212, 197 N.E.3d 492 [2022]; People v. Ward, 204 A.D.3d 1172, 1172-1173, 164 N.Y.S.3d 535 [3d Dept. 2022], lv denied 38 N.Y.3d 1136, 172 N.Y.S.3d 855, 193 N.E.3d 520 [2022]; People v. Gamble, 190 A.D.3d 1022, 1024, 138 N.Y.S.3d 729 [3d Dept. 2021], lv denied 36 N.Y.3d 1097, 144 N.Y.S.3d 134, 167 N.E.3d 1269 [2021]; see also People v. Appiah, — N.Y.3d —, —, — N.Y.S.3d —, — N.E.3d —, 2024 N.Y. Slip Op. 00158, *1 [2024]). Although the oral colloquy and written waiver indicated that some appellate issues survive the waiver, the oral advisement was insufficient to correct the erroneous statement in the written waiver that all collateral review and all federal court relief is precluded and did not establish that defendant understood that such review survives the waiver (see People v. Devane, 212 A.D.3d 894, 895, 180 N.Y.S.3d 732 [3d Dept. 2023], lv denied 39 N.Y.3d 1112,. 186 N.Y.S.3d 840, 208 N.E.3d 69 [2023]; People v. Nisby, 207 A.D.3d at 876, 172 N.Y.S.3d 190; People v. Ward, 204 A.D.3d at 1173, 164 N.Y.S.3d 535; People v. Williams, 203 A.D.3d 1398, 1398-1399, 164 N.Y.S.3d 342 [3d Dept. 2022], lv denied 38 N.Y.3d 1036, 169 N.Y.S.3d 230, 189 N.E.3d 337 [2022]). Consequently, defendant did not knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waive the right to appeal (see People v. Thomas, 34 N.Y.3d at 560, 122 N.Y.S.3d 226, 144 N.E.3d 970).

In light of the invalid waiver of appeal, defendant is not precluded from challenging the perceived seventy of the agreed-upon sentence (see People v. Lopez, 6 N.Y.3d 248, 256, 811 N.Y.S.2d 623, 844 N.E.2d 1145 [2006]; People v. Manson, 205 A.D.3d 1150, 1151-1152, 165 N.Y.S.3d 922 [3d Dept 2022]). However, Supreme Court considered the mitigating factors, including defendant’s limited criminal history and expressions of remorse, as have we, but aptly characterized the crimes as "extremely violent." Defendant faced a maximum sentence of seven years for the brutal assault on the good Samaritan, a violent felony offense (see Penal Law § 70.02[3][c]), which could have been imposed consecutively to a sentence of up to four years upon his criminal contempt in the first degree conviction for violating the order of protection in favor of his former girlfriend (see Penal Law §§...