People v. Loya

204 A.D.3d 1255

166 N.Y.S.3d 752

The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent,

v.Robert J. LOYA Jr., Appellant.

112409

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department, New York.

Calendar Date: March 23, 2022

Decided and Entered: April 21, 2022

Erin C. Morigerato, Albany, for appellant.

Merri Turk Lasky, Special Prosecutor, Plainview, for respondent.

Before: Egan Jr., J.P., Clark, Pritzker, Ceresia and Fisher, JJ.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Fisher, J. Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Saratoga County (Murphy III, J.), rendered August 12, 2019, convicting defendant upon his plea of guilty of the crime of forgery in the second degree.

In full satisfaction of a 10–count indictment, defendant agreed to plead guilty to one count of forgery in the second degree with the understanding that he would be sentenced to a prison term of either 2½ to 5 years or 3 to 6 years. As defendant was on parole at the time that the underlying offense was committed, the resulting sentence would be served consecutively to defendant's undischarged parole term, and the specific sentence to be imposed depended upon whether defendant made restitution to the victim prior to sentencing. The plea agreement also required defendant to waive his right to appeal. Defendant pleaded guilty in conformity with the plea agreement, made the required restitution payment and thereafter was sentenced as a second felony offender to the contemplated prison term of 2½ to 5 years. This appeal ensued.

We agree with defendant that his waiver of the right to appeal is invalid, as the written waiver executed by defendant contained overbroad language purporting to encompass all potential appellate issues, and County Court's brief oral colloquy with defendant was insufficient to permit a finding that "defendant understood the distinction that some appellate review survived" ( People v. Smith, 193 A.D.3d 1114, 1115, 141 N.Y.S.3d 733 [2021] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see People v. Vivona, 199 A.D.3d 1165, 1166, 156 N.Y.S.3d 602 [2021] ; People v. Mosher, 191 A.D.3d 1170, 1171, 140 N.Y.S.3d 337 [2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 959, 147 N.Y.S.3d 509, 170 N.E.3d 383 [2021] ; People v. Gervasio, 190 A.D.3d 1190, 1190–1191, 136 N.Y.S.3d 813 [2021] ). Although defendant's challenge to the perceived severity of his sentence is therefore not precluded (see People v. Gervasio, 190 A.D.3d at 1191, 136 N.Y.S.3d 813 ), we discern no extraordinary circumstances or abuse of discretion warranting a reduction of the agreed-upon sentence imposed (see generally People v. Mosher, 191 A.D.3d at 1171, 140 N.Y.S.3d 337 ; People v. Deming, 190 A.D.3d 1193, 1194, 136 N.Y.S.3d 918 [2021], lv denied 36 N.Y.3d 1119, 146 N.Y.S.3d 206, 169 N.E.3d 564 [2021] ).

As to the balance of defendant's claims, his challenge to the voluntariness of his plea is unpreserved for our review absent evidence of an appropriate postallocution motion (see People v. Linear, 200 A.D.3d 1498, 1499, 159 N.Y.S.3d 233 [2021], lvs denied 38 N.Y.3d 951, 165 N.Y.S.3d 477, 185 N.E.3d 998 [Mar. 23, 2022]; People v. Nos, 38 N.Y.3d 952, 165 N.Y.S.3d 480, 185 N.E.3d 1001 [Mar. 23, 2022]; People v. Haynes, 194 A.D.3d 1310, 1310, 144 N.Y.S.3d 648 [2021] ), and the narrow exception to the preservation requirement was not triggered here, "as defendant did not make any statements during the plea colloquy that negated an element of the charged crime, were inconsistent with his guilt or otherwise called into question the voluntariness of his plea" ( People v. Murray, 197 A.D.3d 1355, 1356, 150 N.Y.S.3d 901 [2021], lv denied 38 N.Y.3d 929, 164 N.Y.S.3d 2, 184 N.E.3d 823 [2022] ; see People v. Guerrero, 194 A.D.3d 1258, 1260, 147 N.Y.S.3d 264 [2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 992, 152 N.Y.S.3d 412, 174 N.E.3d 352 [2021] ). In any event, "the fact that County Court apprised defendant of his maximum potential sentencing exposure did not amount to coercion" ( People v. Apelles, 185 A.D.3d 1298, 1299, 127 N.Y.S.3d 652 [2020] [internal quotation marks, brackets and citation omitted], lv denied 35 N.Y.3d 1092, 131 N.Y.S.3d 287, 155 N.E.3d 780 [2020] ). To the extent that defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claim impacts upon the voluntariness of his plea, such claim is similarly unpreserved (see People v. Downs, 194 A.D.3d 1118, 1119, 146 N.Y.S.3d 695 [2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 971, 150 N.Y.S.3d 694, 172 N.E.3d 806 [2021] ; People...