People v. McCoy

204 A.D.3d 1045

165 N.Y.S.3d 333 (Mem)

PEOPLE of State of New York, respondent,

v.Eric MCCOY, appellant.

2019–12357

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, New York.

Submitted—February 25, 2022

April 27, 2022

Patricia Pazner, New York, NY (Sam Feldman of counsel), for appellant.

Melinda Katz, District Attorney, Kew Gardens, NY (Johnnette Traill, Ellen C. Abbot, and Benjamin E. Mannion of counsel), for respondent.

VALERIE BRATHWAITE NELSON, J.P., CHERYL E. CHAMBERS, PAUL WOOTEN, JOSEPH A. ZAYAS, JJ.

DECISION & ORDER

Appeal by the defendant from an order of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Suzanne Melendez, J.), dated October 4, 2019, which, after a hearing, designated him a level three sex offender pursuant to Correction Law article 6–C.

ORDERED that the order is affirmed, without costs or disbursements.

At a hearing pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration Act (Correction Law art 6–C; hereinafter SORA), the defendant was assessed 120 points on the risk assessment instrument (hereinafter RAI), presumptively placing him within the range for a level three designation. An override based upon the defendant's prior felony sex crime convictions (see Sex Offender Registration Act: Risk Assessment Guidelines and Commentary at 3–4 [2006] [hereinafter Guidelines]) provided an additional basis for presumptively designating him a level three sex offender. The defendant contends that the Supreme Court improvidently exercised its discretion in denying his request for a downward departure from the presumptive risk level.

A defendant seeking a downward departure from the presumptive risk level has the initial burden of "(1) identifying, as a matter of law, an appropriate mitigating factor, namely, a factor which tends to establish a lower likelihood of reoffense or danger to the community and is of a kind, or to a degree, that is otherwise not adequately taken into account by the [SORA] Guidelines; and (2) establishing the facts in support of its existence by a preponderance of the evidence" ( People v. Wyatt, 89 A.D.3d 112, 128, 931 N.Y.S.2d 85 ; see People v. Gillotti, 23 N.Y.3d 841, 861, 994 N.Y.S.2d 1, 18 N.E.3d 701 ; see also Guidelines at 4 [2006]). If the defendant makes that twofold showing, the court must exercise its discretion by weighing the mitigating factors to determine whether the totality of the circumstances warrants a departure to avoid an overassessment of the defendant's dangerousness and risk of sexual recidivism (see People v. Gillotti, 23 N.Y.3d at 861, 994 N.Y.S.2d 1, 18 N.E.3d 701 ; People v. Champagne, 140 A.D.3d 719, 720, 31 N.Y.S.3d 218 ).

Initially, to the extent the Supreme Court mistakenly believed that it had no discretion to downwardly depart and was constrained by the defendant's presumptive risk level derived from the RAI score and the override, and denied the defendant's application on that basis, remittal is unnecessary, because the record is sufficient for this Court to make its own findings of fact and conclusions of law (see People v. Spagnuolo, 195 A.D.3d 759, 760, 145 N.Y.S.3d 411 ).

The defendant failed to demonstrate that he was entitled to a downward departure due to mitigating circumstances. Although an offender's "advanced age" upon release may constitute a basis for a downward departure (Guidelines at 5; see People v. Nicholson, 195 A.D.3d 758, 759, 145 N.Y.S.3d 393 ; People v. Porciello, 193 A.D.3d 993, 994, 142 N.Y.S.3d 829 ), the defendant failed to demonstrate that his age at the time of the SORA hearing constituted an appropriate mitigating factor and minimized his risk of reoffense, particularly in light of his history of committing sex offenses when not incarcerated (see People v. West, 189 A.D.3d 1481, 1483, 134 N.Y.S.3d 764 ; People v....