People v. Monroe

85 Cal.App.5th 393

301 Cal.Rptr.3d 345

The PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.William Erik MONROE, Defendant and Appellant.

A164777

Court of Appeal, First District, Division 2, California.

Filed November 16, 2022

Attorney for Plaintiff and Respondent, People of the State of California: Rob Bonta, Attorney General of California; Lance E. Winters, Chief Assistant Attorney General; Jeffrey M. Laurence, Senior Assistant Attorney General; Rene A. Chacon, Supervising Deputy Attorney General; Julia Y. Je, Deputy Attorney General.

Attorney for Defendant and Appellant, William Erik Monroe: Law Offices of Russo & Prince, Leslie Prince, Suisun City, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.

Richman, Acting P. J.

In 2005, defendant William Monroe was sentenced to a 31 year four month prison term, which term included seven enhancements: three firearm enhancements totaling 12 years eight months, three one-year prior prison term enhancements, and a five-year prior serious felony enhancement. In 2020, Monroe filed a petition for relief under 2017 legislation granting the trial court discretion to strike the firearm enhancements, and when in 2021 further legislation provided for resentencing to strike the one-year prior term enhancements, Monroe filed a second petition seeking relief under that statute as well. The trial court resentenced Monroe and struck the three one-year enhancements, but concluded it was without jurisdiction to strike the firearm enhancements. Monroe contends that this was error, and that he is also eligible for relief under 2018 legislation granting the trial court discretion to strike the five-year prior serious felony enhancement. The Attorney General concedes that Monroe is eligible for relief with respect to the firearm enhancements, but not with respect to the five-year prior serious felony enhancement. We conclude that Monroe is eligible for relief with respect to both the firearm enhancements and the prior serious felony enhancement, and we reverse and remand for resentencing.

BACKGROUND

The Crime, Sentence, and Appeal

In September 2003, Monroe was convicted by a jury of residential robbery in the first degree ( Pen. Code, § 211 )¹ (count 1), two counts of false imprisonment by violence (§ 236) (counts 2 & 3), and possession of a firearm by a felon (§ 12021, subd. (a)(1)) (count 4).² The jury also found true enhancements for personal use of a firearm on count 1 (§ 12022.53, subd. (b)) and on counts 2 and 3 (§ 12022.5, subd. (a)), and a subsequent bench trial found true allegations of four prior prison terms (§ 667.5, subd. (b)), and one prior strike conviction for robbery (§ 667, subd. (a)(1)). (See People v. Monroe (May 24, 2006, A109587) 2006 WL 1428240 [nonpub. opn.].)

On February 24, 2005, the trial court sentenced Monroe to a 31 year four month prison term, calculated as follows: eight years for the robbery; two consecutive one year four month terms for the two counts of false imprisonment; 10 years for the firearm enhancement on count 1 ( § 12022.53, subd. (b) ); two one year four month terms for the two firearm enhancements on counts 2 and 3 ( § 12022.5, subd. (a) ); one year each for the three prior prison term enhancements ( § 667.5, subd. (b) ); and five years for the prior robbery conviction ( § 667, subd. (a)(1) ). The trial court stayed the sentence on count 4.

In 2006, we affirmed Monroe's conviction on direct appeal. (See People v. Monroe, supra , A109587.)

Senate Bill No. 620 and Monroe's First Motion

In 2017, the Legislature passed Senate Bill No. 620 (2017–2018 Reg. Sess., Stats. 2017, ch. 682, §§ 1 & 2, eff. Jan. 1, 2018), granting trial courts the discretion to strike firearm enhancements imposed under section 12022.53 "in furtherance of justice" under section 1385.

On November 13, 2020, Monroe, acting in propria persona, filed a "SB620 Motion for Resentencing Pursuant to Penal Code 1385," asking that the trial court "exercise its judicial discretion to strike or dismiss Penal Code sections 12022.5 and 12022.53 enhancements relating to firearms."

On November 17, at a hearing at which Monroe was not present, the trial court appointed counsel to represent Monroe.

On August 9, 2021, again at a hearing at which Monroe was not present, the trial court relieved Monroe's counsel and appointed another attorney to represent him.

Senate Bill No. 1393

Meanwhile, in October 2018, the Governor signed Senate Bill No. 1393 (2017–2018 Reg. Sess., Stats. 2018, ch. 1013, §§ 1 – 2 ), which took effect on January 1, 2019 and grants trial courts discretion to strike five-year serious felony enhancements ( § 667, subd. (a)(1) ) under section 1385 "in furtherance of justice."

Senate Bill No. 483 and Monroe's Second Motion

In October of 2021, the Governor signed Senate Bill No. 483 (2019–2020 Reg. Sess., Stats. 2021, ch. 728, § 3 ), effective on January 1, 2022, which added section 1171.1 to the Penal Code, subdivision (a) of which declares: "Any sentence enhancement that was imposed prior to January 1, 2020, pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 667.5, except for any enhancement imposed for a prior conviction for a sexually violent offense ... is legally invalid." As will be discussed in further detail, Senate Bill No. 483 also provides a procedure for defendants serving sentences that include such enhancements to be resentenced.

On October 28, 2021, before any hearing or ruling on Monroe's motion under Senate Bill No. 620, Monroe, in propria persona, filed a document titled "SB-483 Recall of Sentence Enhancement One Year Prison Prior," seeking to have the trial court strike his three one-year prison prior enhancements ( § 667.5, subd. (b) ) pursuant to Senate Bill No. 483.

On November 29, the trial court relieved Monroe's second attorney. The next day, the trial court appointed a third attorney to represent Monroe.

The Trial Court Decision

A hearing on both motions was held on January 4, 2022. Defense counsel was present, but Monroe was not. In response to the trial court asking how long defense counsel needed to prepare for the two motions, she stated: "I have not had the opportunity to look at the prison prior, but I have had the opportunity to look at the motion to strike the gun enhancement and I do not believe the Court has jurisdiction." The trial court then agreed: "With regard to the motion to exercise my discretion, pursuant to [ section] 1385, with regard to the weapon enhancement, this Court has no jurisdiction to do that. I'm going to deny that motion." The trial court continued the case to January 18 as to the motion to strike the prior prison term enhancements.

On January 18, the matter was continued again to February 14.

On February 2, Monroe filed a motion for reconsideration, again in propria persona. He stated that he had never spoken with any of the three attorneys appointed to represent him. However, Monroe indicated that his current counsel had sent him a letter dated December 29 "stating that SB620 does not apply to my situation due to being final, with case law," case law which, Monroe's motion said, nevertheless "stated plainly [that] ‘the new authority to strike or dismiss the enhancement extends to any resentencing that may occur under any other law.’ " Because his motion under Senate Bill No. 483 was a "resentencing matter," Monroe argued that "SB620 can and should be added and addressed."

At the hearing on February 14, the prosecutor agreed that the three one-year prison priors should be stricken under Senate Bill No. 483, and the trial court did so, resentencing Monroe to a term of 28 years four months. With respect to the motion for reconsideration, defense counsel stated "Unfortunately, Your Honor, the law is the law and there was nothing I could do." The trial court responded:

"THE COURT: I agree with you. So I'm going to deny the motion to reconsider, but I have granted the motion with regard to the prison priors."

In other words, to put it in Senate Bill language, the trial court granted Monroe relief under Senate Bill No. 483 but held he was not eligible to be considered for relief under Senate Bill No. 620.

Monroe—again acting propria persona—filed a notice of appeal.

DISCUSSION

Monroe, now represented by appellate counsel, argues that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel, and that he is entitled to remand for resentencing so that the trial court can consider whether to exercise its discretion under Senate Bill No. 620 to strike the firearm enhancements. He also argues that on remand, the trial court should consider whether to exercise its discretion to strike the five-year serious felony enhancement under Senate Bill No. 1393. We conclude that Monroe was entitled to have the trial court consider whether to exercise its discretion under both Senate Bill No. 620 (which the Attorney General concedes) and Senate Bill No. 1393 as part of his resentencing pursuant to Senate Bill No. 483.

Senate Bill No. 483 added section 1171.1 to the Penal Code, which was subsequently renumbered without substantive change as section 1172.75. (Stats. 2022, ch. 58, § 12, eff. June 30, 2022.) Section 1172.75, subdivision (a) provides that "[a]ny sentence enhancement that was imposed prior to January 1, 2020, pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 667.5, except for any enhancement imposed for a prior conviction for a sexually violent offense ... is legally invalid." ( § 1172.75, subd. (a).) Once the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation identifies those persons "currently serving a term for a judgment that includes an enhancement described in subdivision (a)" to the sentencing court, "the court shall recall the sentence and resentence the defendant." ( § 1172.75, subds. (b) & (c).)

The resentencing "shall result in a lesser sentence than the one originally imposed ... unless the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that imposing a lesser sentence would endanger public safety." (§ 1172.75, subd. (d)(1).) In resentencing, "[t]he court...