People v. Morris

176 A.D.3d 1502

111 N.Y.S.3d 469

The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent,

v.Denzel MORRIS, Also Known as Slum, Slum Guns and SG, Appellant.

109536

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department, New York.

Calendar Date: September 6, 2019

Decided and Entered: October 31, 2019

Mitchell S. Kessler, Cohoes, for appellant.

Robert M. Carney, District Attorney, Schenectady (Peter H. Willis of counsel), for respondent.

Before: Garry, P.J., Egan Jr., Lynch and Pritzker, JJ.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Garry, P.J.

In February 2015, a confidential informant purchased cocaine from defendant during a controlled buy conducted by FBI agents and the City of Schenectady Police Department. In January 2016, defendant was charged by indictment with criminal sale of a controlled substance in the second degree and two counts of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree. Defendant moved to dismiss the indictment, alleging that his due process rights were violated by the 11–month delay in commencing the prosecution; Supreme Court denied the motion without a hearing. Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted as charged. He was sentenced as a second felony offender to a prison term of nine years on the conviction for criminal sale of a controlled substance in the second degree, followed by five years of postrelease supervision, and to lesser concurrent terms on the remaining convictions.¹ Defendant appeals.

Defendant asserts that the 11–month delay between the crime and his indictment was unreasonably protracted because he was the only suspect, his identity and whereabouts were known to law enforcement and, in his view, there was no reason why the prosecution could not have been commenced immediately after the controlled transaction. "In assessing whether a defendant's constitutional right to a speedy trial has been violated by alleged preindictment delay, courts must consider the extent of the delay, the reason for the delay, the nature of the charges against the defendant, whether there has been an extended period of pretrial incarceration and whether the defense has been impaired by reason of the delay" ( People v. Williams , 163 A.D.3d 1283, 1285, 82 N.Y.S.3d 646 [2018] [citations omitted], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 1069, 89 N.Y.S.3d 124, 113 N.E.3d 958 [2018] ; see People v. Taranovich , 37 N.Y.2d 442, 445, 373 N.Y.S.2d 79, 335 N.E.2d 303 [1975] ; see also People v. Singer , 44 N.Y.2d 241, 253–254, 405 N.Y.S.2d 17, 376 N.E.2d 179 [1978] ). We are mindful that "[a]n unreasonable and unjustified indictment delay violates a defendant's due process rights and may result in dismissal of the indictment, even when no prejudice results" ( People v. Alexander , 127 A.D.3d 1429, 1430, 8 N.Y.S.3d 674 [2015], lv denied 25 N.Y.3d 1197, 16 N.Y.S.3d 520, 37 N.E.3d 1163 [2015] ; accord People v. Gerald , 153 A.D.3d 1029, 1030, 61 N.Y.S.3d 173 [2017] ). Nevertheless, we find that defendant's due process rights were not violated.

Turning first to the extent of the 11–month delay in commencing the prosecution, comparable or longer delays have been found not to violate due process (see People v. Lanfranco , 124 A.D.3d 1144, 1145, 1 N.Y.S.3d 576 [2015], lv denied 25 N.Y.3d 1203, 16 N.Y.S.3d 526, 37 N.E.3d 1169 [2015] [10 months]; People v. Ruise , 86 A.D.3d 722, 723, 926 N.Y.S.2d 754 [2011], lv denied 17 N.Y.3d 861, 932 N.Y.S.2d 27, 956 N.E.2d 808 [2011] [13 months and 23 days]; People v. Smith , 60 A.D.3d 706, 707, 874 N.Y.S.2d 541 [2009], lv denied 12 N.Y.3d 859, 881 N.Y.S.2d 671, 909 N.E.2d 594 [2009] [12 months]; People v. Irvis , 301 A.D.2d 782, 783, 754 N.Y.S.2d 693 [2003], lv denied 99 N.Y.2d 655, 760 N.Y.S.2d 119, 790 N.E.2d 293 [2003] [10 months]; People v. Kirkley , 295 A.D.2d 759, 760, 745 N.Y.S.2d 81 [2002], lv denied 98 N.Y.2d 711, 749 N.Y.S.2d 8, 778 N.E.2d 559 [2002] [12 months] ). As for the reason for the delay, the People asserted that the investigation continued between the time of the controlled transaction and the indictment. Notably, defendant asserted in his motion to dismiss that, in August 2015, he rejected a request from law enforcement officers for his cooperation in exchange for leniency, indicating that an investigation in which defendant's cooperation could have been useful was still underway at that time. Defendant does not assert that the five-month period that elapsed after that request and before his indictment was unreasonable or protracted. The charges against defendant, which included a class A–II felony and two class B felonies, were serious, and defendant was not incarcerated at any time before his indictment. Although defendant makes a general assertion that the delay prejudiced his ability to investigate and present a defense, nothing in the record specifically demonstrates any prejudice (see People v. Kirkley , 295 A.D.2d at 760, 745 N.Y.S.2d 81 ). Moreover, by defendant's own account, and as mentioned above, it appears that he knew that he was a suspect as of the law enforcement request for his cooperation, only six...