Case Law People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Educ., School Dist. No. 205

People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Educ., School Dist. No. 205

Document Cited Authorities (50) Cited in (130) Related

Page 528

111 F.3d 528

152 A.L.R. Fed. 677, 65 USLW 2690,

117 Ed. Law Rep. 473

PEOPLE WHO CARE, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees/Cross-Appellants, v. ROCKFORD BOARD OF EDUCATION, SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 205 Defendant-Appellant/Cross-Appellee and Rockford Education Association, et al Intervening-Defendants-Appellants/Cross-Appellees In the Matter of ROCKFORD BOARD OF EDUCATION, SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 205, Petitioner.

Nos. 96-2410, 96-3244, 96-4090, 96-3022, 96-3283, 96-4138,

96-3226, 96-3662, 97-1157, 97-1116.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

Argued Feb. 28, 1997.

Decided April 15, 1997.

Rehearing and Suggestion for Rehearing

En Banc Denied in Nos. 96-2410, -3022, -3226, -3244, -3283, June 3, 1997.

Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for Larry Hoarde, Chasty Hoarde, Jonathan Hughes, Cindy Malone, Stephanie Burfield in No. 96-2410.

Ronald L. Futterman, Robert C. Howard, argued, Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for People Who Care in No. 96-2410.

William Quinlan, Rockford Public Schools, Rockford, IL, for Rockford Bd. of Educ., School Dist. No. 205 in No. 96-2410.

Virginia A. Seitz, argued, Bredhoff & Kaiser, Washington, DC, Barbara J. Buhai, Stephen G. Katz, Tammara M. Lovett, Katz & Buhai, Barrington, IL, for Rockford Educ. Assoc., IEA-NEA, Rockford Building Maintenance Assoc., Educational Office Personnel Assoc. in Nos. 96-2410, 96-3226, 96-3244, 96-3283.

Ronald L. Futterman, Kathleen Mangold-Spoto, Robert C. Howard, argued, Joan Matlack, Vincent I. Haskell, Carol R. Ashley, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, James G. Bradtke, Soule & Bradtke, Chicago, IL, for People Who Care in No. 96-3022.

Lawrence J. Weiner, Rosanne Ciambrone, Justino D. Petrarca, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago, IL, William J. Quinlan, Rockford Public Schools, Rockford, IL, Anthony G. Scariano, argued, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago Heights, IL, for Rockford Bd. of Educ., School Dist. No. 205 in No. 96-3022.

Denise S. Poloyac, Katz, Friedman, Schur & Eagle, Chicago, IL, Virginia A. Seitz, argued, Bredhoff & Kaiser, Washington, DC, Barbara J. Buhai, Stephen G. Katz, Tammara M. Lovett, Katz & Buhai, Barrington, IL, for Rockford Edc. Assoc., IEA-NEA in No. 96-3022.

Virginia A. Seitz, Barbara J. Buhai, Stephen G. Katz, Tammara M. Lovett, Katz & Buhai, Barrington, IL, for Rockford Building Maintenance Assoc., Educ. Office Personnel Assoc. in No. 96-3022.

Ronald L. Futterman, Kathleen Mangold-Spoto, Robert C. Howard, argued, Craig B. Futterman, Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for People Who Care in No. 96-3226.

Ronald L. Futterman, Kathleen Mangold-Spoto, Robert C. Howard, argued, Craig B. Futterman, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, Matthew J. Piers, Jonathan A. Rothstein, Dana H. Sukenik, Gessler, Hughes & Socol, Ltd., Chicago, IL, for Larry Hoarde, Chasty Hoarde, Jonathan Hughes, Cindy Malone in No. 96-3226.

Lawrence J. Weiner, Rosanne Ciambrone, Justino D. Petrarca, Patrick J. Broncato, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago, IL, William J. Quinlan, Rockford Public Schools, Rockford, IL, Anthony G. Scariano, argued, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago Heights, IL, for Rockford Bd. of Educ., School Dist. No. 205 in No. 96-3226.

Kathleen Mangold-Spoto, Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for Larry Hoarde, Chasty Hoarde, Jonathan Hughes in No. 96-3244.

Ronald L. Futterman, Kathleen Mangold-Spoto, Robert C. Howard, argued, Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for People Who Care in No. 96-3244.

Kathleen Mangold-Spoto, Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for Stephanie Burfield in No. 96-3244.

Lawrence J. Weiner, Rosanne Ciambrone, Justino D. Petrarca, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago, IL, William Quinlan, Rockford Public Schools, Rockford, IL, Anthony G. Scariano, argued, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago Heights, IL, for Rockford Bd. of Educ. School Dist. No. 205 in No. 96-3244.

Ronald L. Futterman, Robert C. Howard, argued, Kathleen Mangold-Spoto, Joan Matlack, Vincent I. Haskell, Carol R. Ashley, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for Larry Hoarde, Chasty Hoarde, Jonathan Hughes in No. 96-3283.

Ronald L. Futterman, Robert C. Howard, Kathleen Mangold-Spoto, Joan Matlack, Vincent I. Haskell, Carol R. Ashley, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for People Who Care in No. 96-3283.

David Faulkner, Amy E. Shapper, Jeffry S. Spears, Lord, Bissell & Brook, Rockford, IL, Matthew J. Piers, Gessler, Hughes & Socol, Ltd., Chicago, IL, for Stephanie Burfield in No. 96-3283.

Lawrence J. Weiner, Rosanne Ciambrone, Justino D. Petrarca, Patrick J. Broncato, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago, IL, Anthony G. Scariano, argued, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago Heights, IL, for Rockford Bd. of Educ. School Dist. No. 205 in No. 96-3283.

Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, James G. Bradtke, Soule & Bradtke, Chicago, IL, for Larry Hoarde, Chasty Hoarde, Jonathan Hughes in No. 96-3662.

David Faulkner, Amy E. Shappert, Jeffry S. Spears, Lord, Bissell & Brook, Rockford, IL, Jonathan A. Rothstein, Gessler, Hughes & Socol, Ltd., Chicago IL, for Stephanie Burfield in No. 96-3662.

Robert C. Howard, argued, Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, James G. Bradtke, Soule & Bradtke, Chicago, IL, for People Who Care in Nos. 96-3662, 96-4090.

Lawrence J. Weiner, Rosanne Ciambrone, Justino D. Petrarca, Patrick J. Broncato, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago, IL, William Quinlan, Rockford Public Schools, Rockford, IL, Robert H. Ellch, argued, Anthony G. Scariano, argued, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago Heights, IL, for Rockford Bd. of Educ., School Dist. No. 205 in Nos. 96-3662, 96-4090, 96-4138.

Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, James G. Bradtke, Soule & Bradtke, Chicago, IL, for Larry Hoarde, Chasty Hoarde in No. 96-4090.

David Faulkner, Amy E. Shappert, Lord, Bissell & Brook, Rockford, IL, Jeffry S. Spears, Hinshaw & Culbertson, Rockford, IL, Jonathan A. Rothstein, Gessler, Hughes & Socol, Ltd., Chicago IL, for Stephanie Burfield in Nos. 96-4090, 96-4138.

Robert C. Howard, Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, James G. Bradtke, Soule & Bradtke, Chicago, IL, for Sidney Malone in No. 96-4090.

Stephen G. Katz, Katz & Buhai, South Barrington, IL, for Rockford Educ. Assoc., IEA-NEA in Nos. 96-4090, 96-4138.

Robert C. Howard, argued, Joan Matlack, Vincent I. Haskell, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, James G. Bradtke, Soule & Bradtke, Chicago, IL, for People Who Care in No. 96-4138.

Vincent I. Haskell, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for Larry Hoarde in No. 96-4138.

Robert C. Howard, Vincent I. Haskell, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for Sidney Malone, Andre Malone in No. 96-4138.

Robert C. Howard, Craig B. Futterman, Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for People Who Care in No. 97-1157.

Craig B. Futterman, Joan Matlack, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for Larry Hoarde, Chasty Hoarde, Jonathan Hughes in No. 97-1157.

Diane I. Jennings, Charles A. Egner, Lord, Bissell & Brook, Chicago, IL, David Faulkner, Lord, Bissell & Brook, Rockford, IL, for Stephanie Burfield in No. 97-1157.

Lawrence J. Weiner, Anthony G. Scariano, Rosanne Ciambrone, Justino D. Petrarca, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago, IL, for Rockford Bd. of Educ., School Dist. No. 205 in No. 97-1157.

Barbara J. Buhai, Stephen G. Katz, Tammara M. Lovett, Katz & Buhai, Barrington, IL, for Rockford Educ. Assoc., IEA-NEA in Nos. 97-1157, 97-1116.

Lawrence J. Weiner, Anthony G. Scariano, Rosanne Ciambrone, Justino D. Petrarca, Scariano, Kula, Ellch & Himes, Chicago, IL, for Rockford Bd. of Educ., School Dist. No. 205 in No. 97-1116.

Robert C. Howard, Craig B. Futterman, Joan Matlack, Vincent I. Haskell, Futterman & Howard, Chicago, IL, for People Who Care in No. 97-1116.

Diane I. Jennings, Charles A. Egner, Lord, Bissell & Brook, Chicago, IL, David Faulkner, Lord, Bissell & Brook, Rockford, IL, Janet L. Pulliam, Denise Reid Hoggard, Little Rock, AR, for Eugene Eubanks in No. 97-1116.

Before POSNER, Chief Judge, and BAUER and KANNE, Circuit Judges.

POSNER, Chief Judge.

We have consolidated for argument and decision nine separate appeals, plus one petition for mandamus, arising out of the remedial phase of the Rockford, Illinois desegregation litigation. The current lawsuit is "only" eight years old, but litigation over racial segregation in the Rockford public schools began a quarter of a century ago, see Quality Education for All Children, Inc. v. School Board, 362 F.Supp. 985 (N.D.Ill.1973), and we have heard many appeals in it. The recent flurry of appeals, threatening to become an avalanche, induced us to direct that all pending and future appeals be submitted to this panel.

We need go no farther back in the history of this litigation than 1994, when the district judge found that the school district had intentionally discriminated against black and Hispanic students in violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. 851 F.Supp. 905 (N.D.Ill.1994). That discrimination was not, of course, commanded or authorized by state or local law, like the school segregation invalidated in Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483, 74 S.Ct. 686, 98 L.Ed. 873 (1954); see also Brown v. Board of Education, 892 F.2d 851, 854 (10th Cir.1989), vacated, 503 U.S. 978, 112 S.Ct. 1657, 118 L.Ed.2d 381 (1992); on remand, 978 F.2d 585 (10th Cir.1992). The inference of intentional discrimination was drawn primarily from disparities in educational achievement between white and minority students and from the school district's failure to take effective steps to prevent its schools from becoming all-white or all-minority. The school district accepted the determination of liability, and the parties consented to have a magistrate judge preside over the remedial phase of the litigation with power to enter judgment pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c).

The magistrate judge appointed a special master to assist him,...

Get this document and AI-powered insights with a free trial of vLex and Vincent AI

Start a free trial
5 cases
Document | U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit – 1998
Smith v. Boyle
"...597 (1976); Personnel Administrator v. Feeney, 442 U.S. 256, 99 S.Ct. 2282, 60 L.Ed.2d 870 (1979); People Who Care v. Rockford Board of Education, 111 F.3d 528, 534 (7th Cir.1997); Majeske v. Fraternal Order of Police, 94 F.3d 307, 311 (7th Cir.1996); Hayden v. Grayson, 134 F.3d 449, 452-53..."
Document | U.S. District Court — Western District of Wisconsin – 1997
Karlin v. Foust
"...are subject to scrutiny under the Daubert test just like any other scientific evidence. See People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Education, School Dist. No. 205, 111 F.3d 528, 536 (7th Cir.1997); Tyus v. Urban Search Management, 102 F.3d 256, 263 (7th Cir.1996), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 11..."
Document | U.S. District Court — Western District of North Carolina – 1999
Capacchione v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools
"...movement away from segregation is deeply problematic." (citing Jenkins, 515 U.S. at 101, 115 S.Ct. at 2055; People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Educ., 111 F.3d 528, 537 (7th Cir.1997); Coalition to Save Our Children, 90 F.3d at 776-78)); Keyes, 902 F.Supp. at 1282 ("`[T]here is nothing in th..."
Document | U.S. Court of Appeals — First Circuit – 1998
Wessmann v. Gittens
"...category in which they fall. That happened to Sarah Wessmann. It violated the Equal Protection Clause. See People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Educ., 111 F.3d 528, 538 (7th Cir.1997) (concluding that preventing "children who are not beneficiaries of past discrimination" from becoming cheerle..."
Document | U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York – 2000
U.S. v. Yonkers Branch—Naacp
"...VII, 197 F.3d at 54 (citing Missouri v. Jenkins, 515 U.S. 70, 101, 115 S.Ct. 2038, 132 L.Ed.2d 63 (1995); People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Educ., 111 F.3d 528, 537 (7th Cir.1997); Coalition to Save Our Children v. State Bd. of Educ., 90 F.3d 752, 776-78 (3d Cir.1996)). However, the court ..."

Try vLex and Vincent AI for free

Start a free trial
5 books and journal articles
Document | Appendix – 2020
Part 6: Form SSA-4734-U8 (1-89)
"...19-61 Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony §1908 F.3d 1027, 1031 (7th Cir. 1997); People Who Care v. Rockford Board of Education , 111 F.3d 528, 537-38 (7th Cir. 1997); Braun v. Lorillard Inc ., 84 F.3d 230, 235 (7th Cir. 1996). (Emphasis added.) §1908.4 Sidebar: What Is Ipse Dixit? Zenith..."
Document | Núm. I-1, May 2003 – 2003
A Practice Commentary To Judiciary Law Article 19
"...Sugarman, 215 N.Y.S. 56, 63 (1st Dep't 1926). [43] Hicks v. Feiock, 485 U.S. 624, 638 n.9 (1988); People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Educ, 111 F.3d 528, 533 (7th Cir. 1997) (Posner, J.); Montesano v. North Fork Bank, 722 N.Y.S.2d 767 (2d Dep't 2001); Foley v. Foley, 422 N.Y.S.2d 465 (2d Dep..."
Document | Contents – 2014
Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony
"...117 F.3d 1027, 1031 (7th Cir. 19-203 Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony §1902 1997); People Who Care v. Rockford Board of Education , 111 F.3d 528, 537-38 (7th Cir. 1997); Braun v. Lorillard Inc ., 84 F.3d 230, 235 (7th Cir. 1996). (Emphasis added.) §1902.4 Sidebar: What Is Ipse Dixit? Z..."
Document | Social Security Disability Collection - James' Best Materials. Volume 2 – 2015
Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony
"...Cir. 1998); Navarro v. Fuji Heavy Industries , Ltd., 117 F.3d 1027, 1031 (7th Cir. 1997); People Who Care v. Rockford Board of Education , 111 F.3d 528, 537-38 (7th Cir. 1997); Braun v. Lorillard Inc ., 84 F.3d 230, 235 (7th Cir. 1996). (Emphasis added.) §1902.4 Sidebar: What Is Ipse Dixit?..."
Document | Content – 2020
Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony
"...19-61 Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony §1908 F.3d 1027, 1031 (7th Cir. 1997); People Who Care v. Rockford Board of Education , 111 F.3d 528, 537-38 (7th Cir. 1997); Braun v. Lorillard Inc ., 84 F.3d 230, 235 (7th Cir. 1996). (Emphasis added.) §1908.4 Sidebar: What Is Ipse Dixit? Zenith..."

Try vLex and Vincent AI for free

Start a free trial

Experience vLex's unparalleled legal AI

Access millions of documents and let Vincent AI power your research, drafting, and document analysis — all in one platform.

Start a free trial

Start Your 3-day Free Trial of vLex and Vincent AI, Your Precision-Engineered Legal Assistant

  • Access comprehensive legal content with no limitations across vLex's unparalleled global legal database

  • Build stronger arguments with verified citations and CERT citator that tracks case history and precedential strength

  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

vLex
5 books and journal articles
Document | Appendix – 2020
Part 6: Form SSA-4734-U8 (1-89)
"...19-61 Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony §1908 F.3d 1027, 1031 (7th Cir. 1997); People Who Care v. Rockford Board of Education , 111 F.3d 528, 537-38 (7th Cir. 1997); Braun v. Lorillard Inc ., 84 F.3d 230, 235 (7th Cir. 1996). (Emphasis added.) §1908.4 Sidebar: What Is Ipse Dixit? Zenith..."
Document | Núm. I-1, May 2003 – 2003
A Practice Commentary To Judiciary Law Article 19
"...Sugarman, 215 N.Y.S. 56, 63 (1st Dep't 1926). [43] Hicks v. Feiock, 485 U.S. 624, 638 n.9 (1988); People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Educ, 111 F.3d 528, 533 (7th Cir. 1997) (Posner, J.); Montesano v. North Fork Bank, 722 N.Y.S.2d 767 (2d Dep't 2001); Foley v. Foley, 422 N.Y.S.2d 465 (2d Dep..."
Document | Contents – 2014
Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony
"...117 F.3d 1027, 1031 (7th Cir. 19-203 Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony §1902 1997); People Who Care v. Rockford Board of Education , 111 F.3d 528, 537-38 (7th Cir. 1997); Braun v. Lorillard Inc ., 84 F.3d 230, 235 (7th Cir. 1996). (Emphasis added.) §1902.4 Sidebar: What Is Ipse Dixit? Z..."
Document | Social Security Disability Collection - James' Best Materials. Volume 2 – 2015
Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony
"...Cir. 1998); Navarro v. Fuji Heavy Industries , Ltd., 117 F.3d 1027, 1031 (7th Cir. 1997); People Who Care v. Rockford Board of Education , 111 F.3d 528, 537-38 (7th Cir. 1997); Braun v. Lorillard Inc ., 84 F.3d 230, 235 (7th Cir. 1996). (Emphasis added.) §1902.4 Sidebar: What Is Ipse Dixit?..."
Document | Content – 2020
Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony
"...19-61 Attacking Vocational Expert Testimony §1908 F.3d 1027, 1031 (7th Cir. 1997); People Who Care v. Rockford Board of Education , 111 F.3d 528, 537-38 (7th Cir. 1997); Braun v. Lorillard Inc ., 84 F.3d 230, 235 (7th Cir. 1996). (Emphasis added.) §1908.4 Sidebar: What Is Ipse Dixit? Zenith..."

Try vLex and Vincent AI for free

Start a free trial

Start Your 3-day Free Trial of vLex and Vincent AI, Your Precision-Engineered Legal Assistant

  • Access comprehensive legal content with no limitations across vLex's unparalleled global legal database

  • Build stronger arguments with verified citations and CERT citator that tracks case history and precedential strength

  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

vLex
5 cases
Document | U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit – 1998
Smith v. Boyle
"...597 (1976); Personnel Administrator v. Feeney, 442 U.S. 256, 99 S.Ct. 2282, 60 L.Ed.2d 870 (1979); People Who Care v. Rockford Board of Education, 111 F.3d 528, 534 (7th Cir.1997); Majeske v. Fraternal Order of Police, 94 F.3d 307, 311 (7th Cir.1996); Hayden v. Grayson, 134 F.3d 449, 452-53..."
Document | U.S. District Court — Western District of Wisconsin – 1997
Karlin v. Foust
"...are subject to scrutiny under the Daubert test just like any other scientific evidence. See People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Education, School Dist. No. 205, 111 F.3d 528, 536 (7th Cir.1997); Tyus v. Urban Search Management, 102 F.3d 256, 263 (7th Cir.1996), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 11..."
Document | U.S. District Court — Western District of North Carolina – 1999
Capacchione v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools
"...movement away from segregation is deeply problematic." (citing Jenkins, 515 U.S. at 101, 115 S.Ct. at 2055; People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Educ., 111 F.3d 528, 537 (7th Cir.1997); Coalition to Save Our Children, 90 F.3d at 776-78)); Keyes, 902 F.Supp. at 1282 ("`[T]here is nothing in th..."
Document | U.S. Court of Appeals — First Circuit – 1998
Wessmann v. Gittens
"...category in which they fall. That happened to Sarah Wessmann. It violated the Equal Protection Clause. See People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Educ., 111 F.3d 528, 538 (7th Cir.1997) (concluding that preventing "children who are not beneficiaries of past discrimination" from becoming cheerle..."
Document | U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York – 2000
U.S. v. Yonkers Branch—Naacp
"...VII, 197 F.3d at 54 (citing Missouri v. Jenkins, 515 U.S. 70, 101, 115 S.Ct. 2038, 132 L.Ed.2d 63 (1995); People Who Care v. Rockford Bd. of Educ., 111 F.3d 528, 537 (7th Cir.1997); Coalition to Save Our Children v. State Bd. of Educ., 90 F.3d 752, 776-78 (3d Cir.1996)). However, the court ..."

Try vLex and Vincent AI for free

Start a free trial

Start Your 3-day Free Trial of vLex and Vincent AI, Your Precision-Engineered Legal Assistant

  • Access comprehensive legal content with no limitations across vLex's unparalleled global legal database

  • Build stronger arguments with verified citations and CERT citator that tracks case history and precedential strength

  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

vLex

Start Your 3-day Free Trial of vLex and Vincent AI, Your Precision-Engineered Legal Assistant

  • Access comprehensive legal content with no limitations across vLex's unparalleled global legal database

  • Build stronger arguments with verified citations and CERT citator that tracks case history and precedential strength

  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

vLex

Used by the world's leading companies

Herbert Smith Freehills Logo Princeton University Logo University of Oxford Logo K2 Intelligence LLC Logo Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP Logo Kobre & Kim LLP Logo Wiley Logo ABA Logo Perez Lorca Logo Fisher Phillips Logo
vLex Footer Logo
© 2025 vLex. All rights reserved.