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Privilege and work product

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PRIVILEGE AND
WORK PRODUCT
3-1
CHAPTER 3:
PRIVILEGE AND
WORK PRODUCT
TASKS
Task 12 Assert Attorney-Client Privilege
Task 13 Assert Work Product Immunity
Task 14 Assert Other Privileges
Task 15 Demand a Privilege Log
Task 16 Compile a Privilege Log
Task 17 Challenge a Privilege Log
Task 18 Oppose Challenge to a Privilege Log
FORMS
Form 5 Privilege Log
PRIVILEGE AND
WORK PRODUCT
(ฮคฮทฮนฯƒ ฯ€ฮฑฮณฮต ฮนฮฝฯ„ฮตฮฝฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝฮฑฮปฮปฯˆ ฮปฮตฯ†ฯ„ ฮฒฮปฮฑฮฝฮบ.)
PRIVILEGE AND
WORK PRODUCT
3-3 Assert Attorney-Client Privilege Task 12
TASK 12
Assert Attorney-Client Privilege
I. WHAT AND WHY
๎€ค๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎‚ณ๎€ท๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎’๎๎‡๎ˆ๎–๎—๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎‰๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎‘๎‚ฟ๎‡๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎Œ๎„๎๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎๎˜๎‘๎Œ๎†๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€ƒ ๎Ž๎‘๎’๎š๎‘๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ
๎†๎’๎๎๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€‘๎‚ด๎€ƒฮฅฯ€ฯ•ฮฟฮทฮฝ ฮงฮฟ. ฯ–. ฮฅฮฝฮนฯ„ฮตฮด ฮฃฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮตฯƒ๎€๎€ƒ๎€—๎€—๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€ธ๎€‘๎€ถ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€–๎€›๎€–๎€๎€ƒ๎€–๎€›๎€œ๎€๎€ƒ๎€”๎€“๎€”๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎—๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€™๎€š๎€š๎€๎€ƒ๎€™๎€›๎€•๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€”๎€œ๎€›๎€”๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎–๎ˆ๎๎Œ๎‘๎„๎๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎˜๎“๎•๎ˆ๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ
๎€ฆ๎’๎˜๎•๎—๎€ƒ๎†๎„๎–๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‡๎Œ๎–๎†๎˜๎–๎–๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎„๎“๎“๎๎Œ๎†๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€Œ๎€‘
ฮ’. ฮ•ฯ–ฮนฮดฮตฮฝฯ‡ฮต ฯ€ฯฮฟฯ„ฮตฯ‡ฯ„ฮตฮด ฮฒฯˆ ฯ„ฮทฮต ฮฑฯ„ฯ„ฮฟฯฮฝฮตฯˆโˆ’ฯ‡ฮปฮนฮตฮฝฯ„ ฯ€ฯฮนฯ–ฮนฮปฮตฮณฮต ฮนฯƒ ฮณฮตฮฝฮตฯฮฑฮปฮปฯˆ ฮฝฮฟฯ„ ฮดฮนฯƒฯ‡ฮฟฯ–ฮตฯฮฑฮฒฮปฮต. ฮฃฮตฮต ฮฆฮกฮงฮ  26(ฮฒ)(1).
๎€ฆ๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ฉ๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎™๎ˆ๎•๎œ๎€ƒ๎‡๎Œ๎–๎†๎’๎™๎ˆ๎•๎œ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎”๎˜๎ˆ๎–๎—๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ ๎‡๎Œ๎–๎†๎๎’๎–๎˜๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎”๎˜๎Œ๎•๎ˆ๎๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎„๎‡๎‡๎•๎ˆ๎–๎–๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ ๎œ๎’๎˜๎•๎€ƒ๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€๎€ƒ๎‡๎ˆ๎—๎ˆ๎•๎๎Œ๎‘๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎š๎‹๎ˆ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ
๎•๎ˆ๎”๎˜๎ˆ๎–๎—๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎‰๎’๎•๎๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎’๎—๎ˆ๎†๎—๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ ๎…๎œ๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎š๎’๎•๎Ž๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎’๎‡๎˜๎†๎—๎€ƒ ๎‡๎’๎†๎—๎•๎Œ๎‘๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎–๎ˆ๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎€ท๎„๎–๎Ž๎€ƒ๎€”๎€–๎€Œ๎€‘๎€ƒ
๎€ฑ๎’๎€ƒ๎…๎•๎Œ๎Š๎‹๎—๎€๎๎Œ๎‘๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎•๎˜๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎Š๎’๎™๎ˆ๎•๎‘๎–๎€ƒ ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎“๎“๎๎Œ๎†๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ž๎€ƒ๎•๎„๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎€๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎˜๎•๎—๎–๎€ƒ๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎๎œ๎€ƒ ๎„๎“๎“๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ
ฮฟฮฝ ฮฑ ฯ‡ฮฑฯƒฮตโˆ’ฮฒฯˆโˆ’ฯ‡ฮฑฯƒฮต ฮฒฮฑฯƒฮนฯƒ. ฮ™ฮฝฯƒฮฟฮณฮฝฮฑ ฯ–. ฮ—ฮตฯ„ฮตฯฮฟ ฮ›ฮฑฮฒฯƒ ฮ›ฯ„ฮด., ฮฮฟ. 3:19โˆ’ฯ‡ฯ–โˆ’1589โˆ’ฮ›ฮ‘ฮ’โˆ’ฮ‘ฮ—ฮ“, 2020 ฮฅ.ฮฃ. โˆ†ฮนฯƒฯ„. ฮ›ฮ•ฮžฮ™ฮฃ
๎€–๎€”๎€›๎€œ๎€๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎€๎€”๎€›๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ถ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎„๎๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ญ๎„๎‘๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€–๎€๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€•๎€“๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚ณ๎€พ๎€บ๎€๎‹๎ˆ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎“๎“๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎–๎‹๎’๎˜๎๎‡๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎‡๎ˆ๎—๎ˆ๎•๎๎Œ๎‘๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ
๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎†๎„๎–๎ˆ๎€๎…๎œ๎€๎†๎„๎–๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎…๎„๎–๎Œ๎–๎‚ด๎€Œ๎€ž๎€ƒฮ™ฮฝ ฯฮต ฮคฮฑฯ€ฯฮฟฮฟฯ„ ฮฃฯˆฯƒ.๎€๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€•๎€ƒ๎€ฅ๎„๎‘๎Ž๎•๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฏ๎€จ๎€ป๎€ฌ๎€ถ๎€ƒ๎€•๎€š๎€˜๎€“๎€๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎€๎€˜๎€ƒ๎‘๎€‘๎€”๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ฅ๎„๎‘๎Ž๎•๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€จ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ฑ๎€‘๎€ฆ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ญ๎˜๎‘๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎€”๎€˜๎€๎€ƒ
๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€•๎€Œ๎€ž๎€ƒฮฒฯ…ฯ„ ฯƒฮตฮต ฮฅฮฝฮนฯ„ฮตฮด ฮฃฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮตฯƒ ฯ–. ฯ‘ฮนฯ‡ฮฑฯฮนฮปฮปฮฑ ฮ‘ฯ€ฮฑฯ‡ฮทฮต ฮฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ๎€๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€™๎€—๎€ƒ๎€ธ๎€‘๎€ถ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€”๎€™๎€•๎€๎€ƒ๎€”๎€›๎€–๎€๎€ƒ๎€”๎€–๎€”๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎—๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€–๎€”๎€–๎€๎€ƒ๎€•๎€–๎€•๎€›๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€”๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚ณ๎€ฅ๎˜๎—๎€ƒ
๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎‘๎ƒ€๎Œ๎†๎—๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎—๎ˆ๎•๎ˆ๎–๎—๎–๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎€ช๎’๎™๎ˆ๎•๎‘๎๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎๎˜๎–๎—๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎‘๎–๎Œ๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎’๎€ƒ๎“๎ˆ๎•๎™๎„๎–๎Œ๎™๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‰๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎–๎˜๎†๎‹๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎†๎„๎–๎ˆ๎€๎…๎œ๎€๎†๎„๎–๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎“๎“๎•๎’๎„๎†๎‹๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ
๎…๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎š๎’๎•๎Ž๎„๎…๎๎ˆ๎€‘๎‚ด๎€Œ
๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ณ๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎–๎ˆ๎•๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎Š๎’๎™๎ˆ๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎…๎œ๎€ƒ๎–๎—๎„๎—๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€‘๎€ƒโˆ†ฮฟฮต ฯ–. ฮ‘ฯฯ‡ฮทฮดฮนฮฟฯ‡ฮตฯƒฮต ฮฟฯ† ฮœฮนฮปฯ‰ฮฑฯ…ฮบฮตฮต, 772 ฮฆ.3ฮด 437, 440
๎€‹๎€š๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎Œ๎•๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€—๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚ณ๎€ฉ๎ˆ๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎€ƒ๎€ต๎˜๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎€จ๎™๎Œ๎‡๎ˆ๎‘๎†๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€“๎€”๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎’๎™๎Œ๎‡๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎‚ต๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎†๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎€ƒ๎†๎„๎–๎ˆ๎€๎€ƒ๎–๎—๎„๎—๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎Š๎’๎™๎ˆ๎•๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎Š๎„๎•๎‡โˆ’
๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎†๎๎„๎Œ๎๎€ƒ๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎‡๎ˆ๎‰๎ˆ๎‘๎–๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‰๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎š๎‹๎Œ๎†๎‹๎€ƒ๎–๎—๎„๎—๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎–๎˜๎“๎“๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎•๎˜๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎‡๎ˆ๎†๎Œ๎–๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€‘๎‚ถ๎€ƒ๎€ท๎‹๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎–๎„๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎•๎˜๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎Š๎’๎™๎ˆ๎•๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎†๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ
๎…๎„๎‘๎Ž๎•๎˜๎“๎—๎†๎œ๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎˜๎•๎—๎€‘๎‚ด๎€Œ๎€ž๎€ƒฮฃ. ฮฆฮนฯ†ฯ„ฮท ฮคฮฟฯ‰ฮตฯฯƒ, ฮ›ฮ›ฮง ฯ–. ฮ‘ฯƒฯ€ฮตฮฝ ฮ™ฮฝฯƒ. ฮฅฮš, ฮ›ฯ„ฮด., ฮฮฟ. 18โˆ’5440, 2019 ฮฅ.ฮฃ. ฮ‘ฯ€ฯ€. ฮ›ฮ•ฮžฮ™ฮฃ 3939,
๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎€๎€˜๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€™๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎Œ๎•๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎ˆ๎…๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€›๎€๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚ณ๎€ฎ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎˜๎†๎Ž๎œ๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎Š๎’๎™๎ˆ๎•๎‘๎–๎€‘๎‚ด๎€Œ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ซ๎’๎š๎ˆ๎™๎ˆ๎•๎€๎€ƒ๎‚ณ๎‰๎ˆ๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎Š๎’๎™๎ˆ๎•๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ
๎š๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎†๎๎„๎Œ๎๎€ƒ๎’๎•๎€ƒ ๎‡๎ˆ๎‰๎ˆ๎‘๎–๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎…๎„๎–๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ ๎„๎€ƒ๎‰๎ˆ๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎€ƒ๎•๎˜๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎‡๎ˆ๎†๎Œ๎–๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€‘๎‚ด๎€ƒฮ™ฮฝ ฯฮต ฮ›ฮฑฮบฮต ฮ›ฮฟฯ„ฮฑฯ‰ฮฑฮฝฮฑ ฮงยตฯ„ฯˆ. ฮ™ยตฯ€ฯฮฟฯ–ฮตยตฮตฮฝฯ„
โˆ†ฮนฯƒฯ„.๎€๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€™๎€–๎€ƒ๎€ฅ๎€‘๎€ต๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€œ๎€“๎€œ๎€๎€ƒ ๎€œ๎€”๎€—๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ฅ๎„๎‘๎Ž๎•๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€บ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฐ๎’๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€™๎€Œ๎€ž๎€ƒฯƒฮตฮต ฮฑฮปฯƒฮฟ ฮฉฮฑฮดฮปฮตฯ ฯ–. ฮ’ฮนฮฟโˆ’ฮกฮฑฮด ฮ›ฮฑฮฒฯƒ., ฮ™ฮฝฯ‡.๎€๎€ƒ๎€•๎€”๎€•๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎˜๎“๎“๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€–๎‡๎€ƒ
๎€›๎€•๎€œ๎€๎€ƒ๎€›๎€–๎€š๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ฑ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎„๎๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€™๎€Œ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€บ๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎™๎Œ๎‡๎ˆ๎‘๎†๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎†๎๎„๎Œ๎๎–๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎๎„๎—๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎…๎’๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎–๎—๎„๎—๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎†๎๎„๎Œ๎๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎‰๎ˆ๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎†๎๎„๎Œ๎๎–๎€๎€ƒ
๎‚ณ๎š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‘๎’๎—๎€ƒ๎…๎’๎˜๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ ๎…๎œ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎–๎—๎„๎—๎ˆ๎€๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€‘๎‚ด๎€ƒฮฉฮนฮปฯ‡ฮฟฮพ ฯ–. ฮ‘ฯฯ€ฮฑฮนฮฟ๎€๎€ƒ๎€š๎€˜๎€–๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎€‘๎€–๎‡๎€ƒ๎€›๎€š๎€•๎€๎€ƒ๎€›๎€š๎€™๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€œ๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎Œ๎•๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€—๎€Œ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ท๎‹๎˜๎–๎€๎€ƒ
๎š๎‹๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎ˆ๎•๎„๎๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎”๎˜๎Œ๎•๎ˆ๎๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎–๎€ƒ๎š๎Œ๎๎๎€ƒ๎™๎„๎•๎œ๎€ƒ๎…๎„๎–๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎†๎‹๎’๎Œ๎†๎ˆ๎€๎’๎‰๎€๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎–๎˜๎ˆ๎–๎€๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎€ƒ๎„๎“๎“๎•๎’๎“๎•๎Œ๎„๎—๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎–๎ˆ๎•๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ
๎š๎Œ๎๎๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎—๎ˆ๎‘๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎‘๎–๎Œ๎–๎—๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‰๎’๎๎๎’๎š๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎๎ˆ๎๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎–๎€
๎€”๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ท๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎“๎„๎•๎—๎œ๎€ƒ๎‰๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎š๎‹๎’๎๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎™๎’๎Ž๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎–๎ˆ๎ˆ๎Ž๎–๎€ƒ ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ๎†๎’๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€‘๎€ƒฮฃฮตฮต ฮฉฮนฮปฮปฮนฮฑยตฯƒ ฯ–. ฮ’ฮนฮณ
ฮ ฮนฯ‡ฯ„ฯ…ฯฮต ฮ›ฮฟฮฑฮฝฯƒ, ฮ›ฮ›ฮง๎€๎€ƒ๎€–๎€“๎€–๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎˜๎“๎“๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€–๎‡๎€ƒ๎€—๎€–๎€—๎€๎€ƒ๎€—๎€—๎€—๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€จ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€น๎„๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€›๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎‚ณ๎€ท๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎“๎„๎•๎—๎œ๎€ƒ๎†๎๎„๎Œ๎๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎€๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎๎˜๎–๎—๎€ƒ
๎…๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎€ƒ๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎š๎‹๎’๎€ƒ๎‹๎„๎–๎€ƒ๎–๎’๎˜๎Š๎‹๎—๎€ƒ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎„๎๎€ƒ๎„๎‡๎™๎Œ๎†๎ˆ๎€‘๎‚ด๎€Œ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ท๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€๎€ƒ๎‘๎’๎—๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€๎€ƒ๎‹๎’๎๎‡๎–๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€‘
๎€•๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎€ท๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎“๎ˆ๎•๎–๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎š๎Œ๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎š๎‹๎’๎๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎๎˜๎‘๎Œ๎†๎„๎—๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€ƒ๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎“๎•๎ˆ๎–๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎„๎—๎Œ๎™๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎†๎—๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎€ƒ
๎–๎˜๎†๎‹๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎๎˜๎‘๎Œ๎†๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€‘๎€ƒฮฃฮตฮต ฮกฮตฮทฮปฮนฮฝฮณ ฯ–. ฮงฮนฯ„ฯˆ ฮฟฯ† ฮงฮทฮนฯ‡ฮฑฮณฮฟ๎€๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€š๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎€‘๎€–๎‡๎€ƒ๎€”๎€“๎€“๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€š๎—๎‹๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎Œ๎•๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€“๎€“๎€Œ๎€ž๎€ƒฮฅฮฝฮนฯ„ฮตฮด ฮฃฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮตฯƒ
ฯ–. โˆ†ฮฑฯ–ฮนฯ„ฮฑ, ฮ™ฮฝฯ‡๎€‘๎€๎€ƒ๎€–๎€“๎€”๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎€‘๎€ต๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€™๎€š๎€™๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ฑ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ช๎„๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€—๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎†๎’๎‘๎—๎ˆ๎›๎—๎€ƒ ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎๎˜๎‘๎Œ๎†๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎๎“๎’๎•๎—๎„๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ ๎ˆ๎–๎—๎„๎…๎๎Œ๎–๎‹๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ
๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€Œ๎€ž๎€ƒTri-State Outdoor Media Group, Inc. v. O๎งฝcial Comm. of Unsecured Creditors (In re Tri-
ฮฃฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮต ฮŸฯ…ฯ„ฮดฮฟฮฟฯ ฮœฮตฮดฮนฮฑ ฮ“ฯฮฟฯ…ฯ€, ฮ™ฮฝฯ‡.)๎€๎€ƒ๎€•๎€›๎€–๎€ƒ๎€ฅ๎€‘๎€ต๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€–๎€˜๎€›๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ฅ๎„๎‘๎Ž๎•๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฐ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ช๎„๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€“๎€•๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎š๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎•๎๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎“๎•๎ˆ๎–๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ
๎†๎•๎ˆ๎‡๎Œ๎—๎’๎•๎–๎‚ถ๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎๎Œ๎—๎—๎ˆ๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎—๎„๎Œ๎‘๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎‘๎„๎‘๎†๎Œ๎„๎๎€ƒ๎„๎‡๎™๎Œ๎–๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎‰๎—๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ ๎•๎ˆ๎๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎‹๎Œ๎“๎€ƒ๎„๎๎•๎ˆ๎„๎‡๎œ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎–๎—๎„๎…๎๎Œ๎–๎‹๎ˆ๎‡๎€๎€ƒ
๎„๎‡๎™๎Œ๎–๎’๎•๎€ƒ๎š๎„๎–๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎•๎๎‚ถ๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎„๎‡๎™๎Œ๎–๎’๎•๎‚ถ๎–๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎†๎’๎๎๎ˆ๎‘๎‡๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎๎Œ๎—๎—๎ˆ๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎‡๎€Œ๎€žฮ“ฮฟฯยตฮฑฮฝ ฯ–. ฮ ฮฟฮปฮฑฯ
ฮ•ฮปฮตฯ‡ฯ„ฯฮฟ, ฮ™ฮฝฯ‡.๎€๎€ƒ๎€”๎€–๎€š๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎˜๎“๎“๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎‡๎€ƒ๎€•๎€•๎€–๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€จ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ฑ๎€‘๎€ผ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€“๎€”๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎š๎’๎˜๎๎‡๎€ƒ๎„๎“๎“๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎๎˜๎‘๎Œ๎†๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ๎—๎š๎ˆ๎ˆ๎‘๎€ƒ
๎†๎๎Œ๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎“๎„๎—๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎„๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ ๎š๎‹๎ˆ๎‘๎€ƒ๎„๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎„๎†๎—๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎˜๎‘๎‡๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎’๎‘๎—๎•๎’๎๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎„๎˜๎—๎‹๎’๎•๎Œ๎—๎œ๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ ๎†๎’๎˜๎‘๎–๎ˆ๎๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎๎˜๎‘๎Œ๎†๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€ƒ
๎•๎ˆ๎๎„๎—๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎’๎–๎ˆ๎†๎˜๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎“๎„๎—๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎„๎“๎“๎๎Œ๎†๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€Œ๎€ž๎€ƒฯ‡ฮฟยตฯ€ฮฑฯฮต ฮงฮฑฯ–ฮฑฮปฮปฮฑฯฮฟ ฯ–. ฮฅฮฝฮนฯ„ฮตฮด ฮฃฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮตฯƒ, 284 ฮฆ.3ฮด 236 (1ฯƒฯ„ ฮงฮนฯ.
๎€•๎€“๎€“๎€•๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎š๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎†๎†๎’๎˜๎‘๎—๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎•๎๎€ƒ ๎š๎„๎–๎€ƒ๎“๎„๎•๎—๎œ๎‚ถ๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎‹๎Œ๎•๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ ๎“๎•๎’๎™๎Œ๎‡๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎‘๎„๎‘๎†๎Œ๎„๎๎€ƒ๎„๎‡๎™๎Œ๎†๎ˆ๎€๎€ƒ๎‘๎’๎—๎€ƒ ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎•๎๎‚ถ๎–๎€ƒ๎„๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ
๎‹๎Œ๎•๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎–๎Œ๎–๎—๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎•๎๎€๎€ƒ๎‡๎’๎†๎˜๎๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎„๎†๎†๎’๎˜๎‘๎—๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎•๎๎‚ถ๎–๎€ƒ๎“๎’๎–๎–๎ˆ๎–๎–๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎‘๎’๎—๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎™๎ˆ๎‘๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎’๎˜๎Š๎‹๎€ƒ๎„๎†๎†๎’๎˜๎‘๎—๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ
๎‚ฟ๎•๎๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎๎„๎š๎€ƒ๎‚ฟ๎•๎๎€ƒ๎š๎’๎•๎Ž๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎Š๎ˆ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎•๎“๎’๎•๎„๎—๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎๎ˆ๎•๎Š๎ˆ๎•๎€Œ๎€ž๎€ƒฯ‚ฮตฮฟฮปฮนฮฑ ฮฉฮฑฯ„ฮตฯ ฮฃฮฟฮปฯ…ฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝฯƒ & ฮคฮตฯ‡ฮทฮฝฮฟฮปฮฟฮณฮนฮตฯƒ ฮฃฯ…ฯ€ฯ€ฮฟฯฯ„
ฯ–. ฮฃฮนฮตยตฮตฮฝฯƒ ฮ™ฮฝฮดฯ…ฯƒฯ„ฯฯˆ, ฮ™ฮฝฯ‡๎€‘๎€๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€—๎€ƒ๎€บ๎€ฏ๎€ƒ๎€™๎€™๎€š๎€œ๎€”๎€“๎€š๎€ƒ ๎€‹๎€จ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ฑ๎€‘๎€ฆ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€”๎€—๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎ˆ๎๎„๎Œ๎๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎†๎๎˜๎‡๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€ƒ ๎‡๎Œ๎–๎†๎˜๎–๎–๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎“๎„๎—๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ
๎˜๎‘๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎š๎‹๎ˆ๎‘๎€ƒ๎‘๎’๎—๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎“๎Œ๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€ƒ๎’๎•๎€ƒ ๎“๎„๎—๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€ƒ๎„๎Š๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎€Œ๎€ž๎€ƒฮฮตยตฮตฯ‡ฮตฮบ ฯ–. ฮ’ฮฟฮฑฯฮด ฮฟฯ† ฮ“ฮฟฯ–ฮตฯฮฝฮฟฯฯƒ ฮฟฯ† ฮฅฮฝฮนฯ–. ฮฟฯ†
ฮ.ฮง.๎€๎€ƒ๎€—๎€›๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎ˆ๎‡๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ต๎˜๎๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎€ถ๎ˆ๎•๎™๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€–๎‡๎€ƒ๎€•๎€˜๎€—๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€จ๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ฑ๎€‘๎€ฆ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€“๎€“๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‡๎Œ๎‡๎€ƒ๎‘๎’๎—๎€ƒ ๎„๎“๎“๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎†๎’๎๎๎˜๎‘๎Œ๎†๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎–๎€ƒ๎…๎ˆ๎—๎š๎ˆ๎ˆ๎‘๎€ƒ
๎“๎๎„๎Œ๎‘๎—๎Œ๎ตต๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎‡๎€ƒ๎‘๎’๎‘๎€๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€ƒ๎š๎‹๎’๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎“๎•๎ˆ๎–๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎“๎๎„๎Œ๎‘๎—๎Œ๎ตต๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎๎“๎๎’๎œ๎ˆ๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎Š๎•๎Œ๎ˆ๎™๎„๎‘๎†๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎‹๎ˆ๎„๎•๎Œ๎‘๎Š๎€Œ๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ซ๎’๎š๎ˆ๎™๎ˆ๎•๎€๎€ƒ๎‘๎’๎—๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎™๎ˆ๎•๎œ๎€ƒ
๎“๎ˆ๎•๎–๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎‹๎Œ๎•๎ˆ๎‡๎€ƒ๎…๎œ๎€ƒ๎„๎‘๎€ƒ๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎€ƒ๎—๎’๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎–๎Œ๎–๎—๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎•๎ˆ๎‘๎‡๎Œ๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎„๎๎€ƒ๎–๎ˆ๎•๎™๎Œ๎†๎ˆ๎–๎€ƒ๎Œ๎–๎€ƒ๎‘๎ˆ๎†๎ˆ๎–๎–๎„๎•๎Œ๎๎œ๎€ƒ๎š๎Œ๎—๎‹๎Œ๎‘๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎–๎†๎’๎“๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎’๎‰๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ˆ๎€ƒ
ฯ€ฯฮนฯ–ฮนฮปฮตฮณฮต. ฮฃฮตฮต ฮกฯ…ฯฮฑฮฝ ฯ–. ฮ’ฮตฯ„ฮท ฮ•ฮป ฮคฮตยตฯ€ฮปฮต ฮฟฯ† ฮฉ. ฮ—ฮฑฯฯ„ฯ†ฮฟฯฮด, ฮ™ฮฝฯ‡., ๎€•๎€•๎€™๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎€‘๎€ต๎€‘๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€”๎€™๎€˜๎€ƒ๎€‹๎€ง๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎’๎‘๎‘๎€‘๎€ƒ๎€•๎€“๎€“๎€˜๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€‹๎„๎—๎—๎’๎•๎‘๎ˆ๎œ๎‚ถ๎–๎€ƒ
๎†๎’๎๎๎ˆ๎‘๎—๎–๎€ƒ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎—๎ˆ๎๎“๎๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎๎“๎๎’๎œ๎ˆ๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎๎„๎‡๎ˆ๎€ƒ๎„๎–๎€ƒ ๎†๎’๎‘๎Š๎•๎ˆ๎Š๎„๎—๎Œ๎’๎‘๎€ƒ๎๎ˆ๎๎…๎ˆ๎•๎€ƒ๎‘๎’๎—๎€ƒ๎“๎•๎Œ๎™๎Œ๎๎ˆ๎Š๎ˆ๎‡๎€Œ. ๎€ฅ๎˜๎—๎€ƒ๎‘๎’๎—๎ˆ๎€ƒ ๎—๎‹๎„๎—๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎™๎ˆ๎‘๎€ƒ๎Œ๎‰๎€ƒ๎„๎๎๎€ƒ

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