Radiation Oncology Serv. of Cent. N.Y. v. Warren

204 N.Y.S.3d 619

RADIATION ONCOLOGY SERVICES OF CENTRAL NEW YORK, P.C., et al., Respondents,

v.Jeanette N. WARREN et al., Appellants.

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department, New York.

Calendar Date: November 21, 2023

Decided and Entered: February 1, 2024

Barclay Damon LLP, Rochester (Tara J. Sciortino of counsel), for appellants.

William J. Leberman, Syracuse, for respondents.

Before: Garry, P.J., Lynch, Ceresia, Fisher and Powers, JJ.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Powers, J.

Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (Joseph A. McBride, J.), entered April 21, 2023 in Broome County, which denied defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint.

As more fully set forth in two prior decisions of this Court (Radiation Oncology Servs. of Cent. N.Y., P.C. v. Our Lady of Lourdes Mem. Hosp., Inc., 221 A.D.3d 1324, 200 N.Y.S.3d 521 [3d Dept. 2023]; Radiation Oncology Servs. of Cent. N.Y., P.C. v. Our Lady of Lourdes Mem. Hosp., Inc., 148 A.D.3d 1418, 49 N.Y.S.3d 792 [3d Dept. 2017]), plaintiff Radiation Oncology Services of Central New York, P.C. (hereinafter ROSCNY) entered into a written coverage agreement with Our Lady of Lourdes Memorial Hospital, Inc. (hereinafter Lourdes) pursuant to which ROSCNY was granted the exclusive right to provide oncology services at the hospital, with plaintiff Michael J. Fallon serving as medical director. After plaintiffs’ services were terminated, they commenced an action against Lourdes and certain other affiliated individuals for, among other things, breach of contract, libel and slander (hereinafter the Cortland County action). Following a lengthy period of discovery, plaintiffs moved for spoliation sanctions against Lourdes due to its failure to preserve and produce several documents during the discovery process. Plaintiffs also sought monetary sanctions against the attorneys of record for Lourdes based upon allegations that one of its attorneys, defendant Jeanette N. Warren, made intentionally false and misleading statements to Supreme Court and plaintiffs during the course of the years-long discovery litigation. Amongst the various falsehoods allegedly uttered, plaintiffs asserted that Warren repeatedly assured the court that a litigation hold had been implemented for the Cortland County action when, in fact, one had not been in place. In a series of orders, Supreme Court (Masler, J.) granted plaintiffs $10,000 in spoliation sanctions upon a finding that Lourdes failed to preserve certain documents, but declined to impose sanctions upon Lourdes’ attorneys.

Undeterred, plaintiffs commenced this action against Warren, defendant James Gleason and the law firm for whom they worked alleging causes of action pursuant to Judiciary Law § 487 related to the allegedly false and deceitful statements proffered by Warren, and purportedly consented to by Gleason, in the context of the Cortland County action. Defendants thereafter moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a cause of action and as barred by the doctrine of collateral estoppel. On the latter point, defendants argued that plaintiffs were collaterally estopped from relitigating the alleged Judiciary Law § 487 violations because they were all addressed and resolved in the context of plaintiffs’ motion for sanctions in the Cortland County action. Supreme Court (McBride, J.) denied the motion, and this appeal ensued.

[1–4] We agree with defendants that, to the extent plaintiffs’ Judiciary Law § 487 claims are premised upon the statements made by Warren concerning the existence of a litigation hold in the Cortland County action, they are barred by principles of collateral estoppel. Collateral estoppel "precludes a party from relitigating in a subsequent action or proceeding an issue clearly raised in a prior action or proceeding and decided against that party …, whether or not the tribunals or causes of action are the same" (Ryan v. New York Tel. Co., 62 N.Y.2d 494, 500, 478 N.Y.S.2d 823, 467 N.E.2d 487 [1984]; see Matter of Dunn, 24 N.Y.3d 699, 704, 3 N.Y.S.3d 751, 27 N.E.3d 465 [2015]). The doctrine applies "where the issue in the second action is identical to an issue which was raised, necessarily decided and material in the first action, and the party who is being estopped had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue in the earlier action" (Simmons v. Trans Express Inc., 37 N.Y.3d 107, 112, 148 N.Y.S.3d 178, 170 N.E.3d 733 [2021] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see Matter of Molnar v. JRL S. Hampton, LLC, 212 A.D.3d 974, 975, 182 N.Y.S.3d 791 [3d Dept. 2023], lv denied 39 N.Y.3d 911, 2023 WL 3101970 [2023]). To establish a claim under Judiciary Law § 487(1), it must be shown that the defendant attorney engaged in "deceit or collusion, or consent[ed] to any deceit or collusion, with intent to deceive the court or any party."

The record reflects that the issue of whether Warren attempted to intentionally deceive plaintiffs or the court in the Cortland County action by falsely representing that Lourdes had implemented a litigation hold was fully litigated in the Cortland County action and resolved by Supreme Court (Masler, J.) in its order declining to impose sanctions upon defendants. In that order, the court expressly rejected plaintiffs’ claims that defendants had "intentionally deceived and misled" the court and plaintiffs by inaccurately stating that a litigation hold was in place. In so concluding, Supreme Court specifically found that defendants did not engage in a "deliberate pattern of obstructing disclosure" and that their representations with regard to the litigation hold "[were] not without [a] factual basis" and did not "affirmatively mislead" the court or any party. Plaintiffs plainly had a full and fair opportunity to litigate this issue in the Cortland County action, a point underscored by the fact that they moved to renew their request for sanctions against defendants after they failed to succeed in obtaining such relief in the first instance. Because the issue of whether defendants engaged in intentional deceit in connection with the representations made concerning the existence of a litigation hold was already raised and decided in the Cortland County action, plaintiffs are precluded from relitigating that same issue in this matter (see Mortgage Elec. Registration Sys., Inc. v. McVicar, 203 A.D.3d 919, 920, 161 N.Y.S.3d 794 [2d Dept. 2022]; Platt v. Berkowitz, 203 A.D.3d 447, 448, 160 N.Y.S.3d 592 [1st Dept. 2022]; Doscher v. Mannatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP, 148 A.D.3d 523, 523–524, 48 N.Y.S.3d 593 [1st Dept. 2017]; Neroni v. Follender, 137 A.D.3d 1336, 1337, 26 N.Y.S.3d 621 [3d Dept. 2016]).

[5–8] As to the balance of the alleged Judiciary Law § 487 violations, even assuming, without deciding, that such claims are not similarly precluded on collateral estoppel grounds, they nonetheless should have been dismissed for failure to state a cause of action. When assessing a motion to dismiss on this ground, we "accept the facts as alleged in the complaint as true, accord the nonmoving party the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory" (Brown v. University of Rochester, 216 A.D.3d 1328, 1330, 189 N.Y.S.3d 801 [3d Dept. 2023] [internal quotation marks, brackets and citation omitted]; see Cincinnati Ins. Co. v. Emerson Climate Tech., Inc., 215 A.D.3d 1098, 1100, 187 N.Y.S.3d 391 [3d Dept. 2023]). That said, "the favorable treatment accorded to a plaintiff’s complaint is not limitless and, as such, conclusory allegations – claims consisting of bare legal conclusions with no factual specificity – are insufficient to survive a motion to dismiss" (F.F. v. State of New York, 194 A.D.3d 80, 83–84, 143 N.Y.S.3d 734 [3d Dept. 2021] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted], appeal dismissed & lv. denied 37 N.Y.3d 1040, 154 N.Y.S.3d 567, 176 N.E.3d 304 [2021], cert denied —— U.S. ——, 142 S.Ct. 2738, 212 L.Ed.2d 797 [2022]; see Godfrey v. Spano, 13 N.Y.3d 358, 373, 892 N.Y.S.2d 272, 920 N.E.2d 328 [2009]). This is especially true with regard to a cause of action under Judiciary Law § 487(1), which encompasses only deceit or collusion that is intentional in nature and "must be pleaded with particularity" (Lavelle–Tomko v. Aswad & Ingraham, 191 A.D.3d 1142, 1147, 143 N.Y.S.3d 109 [3d Dept. 2021]; see CPLR 3016[b]; Sciocchetti v....