d. (§21.72) Digital Photographs
Digital photographs may “present unique authentication problems because they are a form of electronically produced evidence that may be manipulated and altered. . . . Digital image ‘enhancement consists of removing, inserting, or highlighting an aspect of the photograph that the technician wants to change.’” Lorraine v. Markel Am. Ins. Co., 241 F.R.D. 534, 561–62 (D. Md. 2007) (quoting Edward J. Imwinkelried, Can this Photo be Trusted, 41 Trial 48 (Oct. 2005)); United States v. Rodriguez-Pacheco, 475 F.3d 434, 462 n.26 (1st Cir. 2007) (Torruella, J., dissenting) (quoting Timothy J. Perla, Attempting to End the Cycle of Virtual Pornography Prohibitions, 83 B.U. L. Rev. 1209, 1220 (2003))...
