Smith v. State

2021 Ark. 131

ANTONIO SMITH APPELLANT v. STATE OF ARKANSAS APPELLEE

No. CR-21-15

SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS

June 10, 2021

PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT, FIRST DIVISION

[NO. 60CR-01-3918]

HONORABLE LEON JOHNSON, JUDGE

AFFIRMED.

RHONDA K. WOOD, Associate Justice

Arkansas law provides circuit courts the authority to correct an illegal sentence. A petitioner who files for relief under the statute must allege the sentence is illegal on its face or, at the time of sentence, the sentencing court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. Because Antonio Smith's petition failed to allege or establish either element, we affirm the circuit court's denial of his petition.

In 2002, Smith pleaded guilty to first-degree murder, and, in accordance with his plea agreement, he was sentenced as a habitual offender to 636 months' imprisonment, or fifty-three years' imprisonment. The judgment of conviction was entered approximately one month later.

Smith petitioned for relief from an illegal sentence under Arkansas Code Annotated section 16-90-111 (Repl. 2016). Smith alleged that his sentence was illegal because (1) it departed from the presumptive sentence; (2) the circuit court did not explain the departure; (3) he was not allowed the opportunity to be sentenced by a jury and did not waive this right; and (4) his sentence violated the United States Supreme Court's holdings in Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004), and Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000). The circuit court denied his petition, finding that Smith's sentence was not facially illegal in that it fell below the statutory maximum and that the remaining allegations represented claims that the sentence was illegally imposed and were therefore untimely and otherwise without factual support. Smith appealed.

The circuit court's decision to deny relief pursuant to section 16-90-111 will not be overturned unless that decision is clearly erroneous. Millsap v. State, 2020 Ark. 38. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the appellate court, after reviewing the entire evidence, is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Id.

Section 16-90-111(a) gives a circuit court power to correct an illegal sentence at any time. Redus v. State, 2019 Ark. 44, 566 S.W.3d 469. An illegal sentence is one that is illegal on its face. Id. A sentence is illegal on its face when it is void because it is beyond the circuit court's authority to impose and gives rise to a question of subject-matter jurisdiction. Id. Sentencing is entirely a matter of statute in Arkansas. Id. The petitioner seeking relief under section 16-90-111(a) carries the burden to demonstrate that his or her sentence was illegal. Id. The general rule is that a sentence imposed within the maximum term prescribed by law is not illegal on its face. McArty v. State, 2020 Ark. 68, 594 S.W.3d 54. A circuit court hassubject-matter jurisdiction to hear and determine cases involving violations of criminal statutes; typically, trial error does not implicate the jurisdiction of the circuit court or, as a consequence, implicate the facial validity of the judgment. Id.

Smith was not entitled to relief under section 16-90-111 because he failed to establish that the judgment in his case was illegal on its face. Redus, 2019 Ark. 44, 566 S.W.3d 469. A claim that a sentence exceeded the presumptive sentence is a claim that goes behind the face of the judgment and does not implicate the facial validity of the judgment. Id. As such, it is a claim that the sentence was imposed in an illegal manner and is therefore governed by the time limitations set out in Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.2(c) (2020). Id.

Smith negotiated a plea to first-degree murder and agreed to a habitual-offender enhancement that resulted in a sentence of fifty-three years' imprisonment. The permitted statutory range for first-degree murder, which is a Class Y felony, is not less than ten years and not more than forty years, or life. See Ark. Code Ann. §§ 5-4-401, 5-10-102 (Repl. 1997). According to the plea agreement, Smith had been convicted of three previous felonies and was subject to sentencing as a habitual offender. Under Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-4-501 (a)(1), (a)(3)(A) (Repl. 1997), the maximum penalty for a Class Y felony when the offender has previously been convicted of more than one but fewer than four felonies is sixty years' imprisonment. Thus, Smith's sentence of fifty-three years' imprisonment is within the maximum prescribed sentence and is legal on its face.

We also reject Smith's claim that the sentence was an illegal departure from the presumptive sentence due to the circuit court's failure to set forth the reasons for the...