Spells v. State

1

Tailar Spells, Appellant-Defendant, v. State of Indiana, Appellee-Plaintiff.

No. 22A-CR-1889

Court of Appeals of Indiana

April 28, 2023

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision is not binding precedent for any court and may be cited only for persuasive value or to establish res judicata, collateral estoppel, or law of the case.

Appeal from the Marion Superior Court Trial Court Cause No 49D33-2111-F6-36202 The Honorable Clayton A. Graham, Judge

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT Valerie K. Boots Megan E. Shipley Marion County Public Defender Agency Indianapolis, Indiana

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Theodore E. Rokita Attorney General of Indiana Robert M. Yoke Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis Indiana

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Foley, Judge.

[¶1] This appeal arises from a dispute between Tailar Spells ("Spells") and the State regarding whether the trial court abused its discretion in imposing costs, fines, and fees in the amount of $305. Spells argues that the trial court failed to hold an adequate and requisite indigency hearing before assessing the amount. Spells further invites us to depart from a prior panel of this court's decision in Wright v. State, 949 N.E.2d 411 (Ind.Ct.App. 2011). The Wright panel determined that bond payments could be applied to costs, fines, and fees without an indigency hearing, a holding that Spells contends is irreconcilable with the Indiana Code. We disagree with each of Spells's contentions. Accordingly, we affirm.

Facts and Procedural History

[¶2] Spells was arrested during the early morning hours of November 29, 2021, after an incident in which Spells spat at a police officer outside an establishment named Tiki Bob's in downtown Indianapolis. The State subsequently charged Spells with battery by bodily waste, a Level 6 felony, and resisting law enforcement, a Class A misdemeanor. Spells posted bond in the amount of $250 on the day of her arrest. As part of the process of posting bond, Spells initialed and signed a "Cash Bond" agreement. Appellant's App. Vol. II p. 24. The agreement informed Spells, inter alia, that the bond amount could be retained to "pay publicly paid costs of representation and fines, costs, fees, and restitution that the court may order the defendant to pay." Id.

[¶3] On December 28, 2021, the trial court conducted an indigency hearing and appointed Spells a public defender. The trial court further ordered Spells to pay a $100 supplemental public defender fee.^[1] After a bench trial, the trial court found Spells guilty of battery by bodily waste^[2] and then held a sentencing hearing. As part of the resultant sentence, Spells was ordered to pay $185 in court costs and a $20 fine. Thus, the sum total of Spells's costs, fines, and fees amounted to $305. The trial court later granted a request from the probation department to apply the bond amount to the court costs and fine.^[3] Once the requested bond amount was applied, Spells owed $60, which she subsequently paid. Spells now appeals.

Discussion and Decision

[¶4] Spells raises three claims: (1) that the trial court abused its discretion when it did not hold a separate indigency hearing prior to assessing the supplemental public defender fee; (2) that the trial court abused its discretion when it did not hold such a hearing prior to assessing fees and costs; and (3) that the use of the cash bond to pay for a portion of the costs, fines, and fees "should not negate the requirement for an indigency hearing."

[¶5] In 2011, we decided Wright v. State, 949 N.E.2d 411 (Ind.Ct.App. 2011). The core holding in Wright was that when a defendant signs a bond agreement that notifies her that the court can retain the amount posted and put it towards fees, costs, and fines, she enters into a contract. Not only does that contract permit the use of the bond amount to satisfy the defendant's debt, we also held that it obviates the need for a further indigency finding (let alone a separate hearing). The statutes governing the assessment of these amounts,^[4] we found, were simply inapplicable when a defendant signs a bond agreement. Rather, the pertinent statute is Indiana Code Section 35-33-8-3.2(a)(1).^[5]

[¶6] Spells argues that Wright was wrongly decided, and that Indiana Code Section 35-33-8-3.2(a)(1) only applies to amounts a trial court is authorized to assess. Spells reasons that trial courts are not permitted to assess costs, fees, or fines without an indigency hearing. Two of the applicable statutes do not require an indigency hearing by their plain text, merely a finding. The third does, but we agree with the panel in Wright that reading the statute to require an indigency hearing where there is a bond agreement would render the bond agreement meaningless. The purpose of such a hearing-to determine whether the defendant can pay the costs fees, or fines-would be frustrated by the fact that the trial court is already aware that there is an amount set aside which can be used for payment.

[¶7] Spells focuses on whether the trial court's limited inquiry into her ability to pay the supplemental public defender fee was adequate. In doing so, Spells directs us to cases finding that limited inquiries for purposes of determining indigency were insufficient. But the relevant inquiry is not whether Spells was found to be indigent. Rather, the question is whether "the court finds that the person is able to pay part of the cost of representation by the assigned counsel ...." Ind. Code § 35-33-7-6. Here, of course, the trial court knew that Spells could pay the $100 supplemental public defender fee, because Spells had already posted $250 in bond, and signed a contract which read that:

[p]ursuant to Indiana Code 35-33-8-3.2, when the conditions of this bond have been fully satisfied, the court may retain all or part of the cash to pay publicly paid costs of representation and fines, costs, fees, and restitution that the court may order the defendant to pay if the defendant is convicted.

Appellant's App. Vol. II p. 24. And we have already held that nothing about the statute governing public defender fees, or the finding it requires, necessitates a separate hearing. Cleveland v. State, 129 N.E.3d 227, 237-38 (Ind.Ct.App. 2019). We further note that the same logic with respect to the bond amount applies with equal force to costs, fines, and fees.

[¶8] Thus, we conclude that neither the assessment of the costs, fines, and fees, nor the use of the bond amount to satisfy those amounts constitutes error. There remains, however, the matter of the leftover balance. Spells still owed $60 once the bond money was exhausted. Nevertheless, Spells has already "paid the remainder of what she owed ...." Appellant's Br. p. 7. The record reflects that there was no outstanding balance as of the date of the filing of the appendix in this appeal.^[6] We must therefore consider whether the issue regarding the remaining balance is moot.

[¶9] "This court will only decide real questions or controversies and will not consider moot or abstract propositions." Hacienda Mexican Rest. of Kalamazoo Corp. v. Hacienda Franchise Grp., Inc., 569 N.E.2d 661, 666 (Ind.Ct.App. 1991) (citing Int'l Harvester Co. v. Snavely, 158 N.E.2d 802 (Ind.Ct.App. 1959)). "'The determination of mootness is not a matter which can be waived. It is the prerogative of this court to determine whether to address an issue when we are informed that the matter is no longer live or has become moot as between the parties.'" Sherrell ex rel. Sherrell v. N. Cmty. Sch. Corp. of Tipton Cnty., 801 N.E.2d 693, 702 (Ind.Ct.App. 2004) (quoting Irwin R. Evens &Son, Inc. v. Bd. of Indpls. Airport Auth., 584 N.E.2d 576, 581 n.3 (Ind.Ct.App. 1992)).

[¶10] An issue becomes moot when:

1. it is no longer "live" or when the parties lack a

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