State v. Smith

183 Conn.App. 54

191 A.3d 1102

STATE of Connecticut

v.Jacqui SMITH

AC 39744

Appellate Court of Connecticut.

Argued April 18, 2018

Officially Released June 26, 2018

Mary Boehlert, assigned counsel, for the appellant (defendant).

Rita M. Shair, senior assistant state's attorney, with whom were John C. Smriga, state's attorney, and, on the brief, C. Robert Satti, Jr., supervisory assistant state's attorney, for the appellee (state).

Lavine, Bright and Bishop, Js.

PER CURIAM.

The defendant, Jacqui Smith, appeals from the judgment of conviction, rendered after a trial to a jury, of criminal possession of a firearm in violation of General Statutes § 53a-217(a)(1),¹ possession of a weapon in a motor vehicle in violation of General Statutes § 29-38(a), and carrying a pistol or revolver without a permit in violation of General Statutes § 29-35(a).² On appeal, the defendant claims that there was insufficient evidence from which the jury reasonably could have found him guilty of the three crimes. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

On the basis of the evidence before it, the jury reasonably could have found the following facts beyond a reasonable doubt. On July 28, 2014, Keith Johnson was living near the intersection of Indian Place and Indian Avenue in Bridgeport. Tonahja Cohen and Johnson are cousins. At approximately 5:30 p.m. on that date, the defendant called Cohen and asked him to come to the place where Johnson was living.

Cohen drove to the location in his Chevrolet Monte Carlo automobile and parked behind the defendant's Chevrolet Malibu automobile. He met the defendant, who was angry, but Cohen did not know why. The defendant had a handgun, which Cohen took from him and put in the trunk of the Monte Carlo. Cohen wanted to ensure that nothing happened. He then went into the house and asked Johnson to come outside. When Johnson came out, he too had a gun, which was put in the trunk of the Monte Carlo. The defendant, Johnson, and Cohen got into the Malibu, which the defendant drove around while they tried to work things out. According to Cohen, Johnson and the defendant were arguing about "some bullshit."

At about that time, Officer Brian Pisanelli of the Bridgeport Police Department received a radio communication from Officer Bruno Rodrigues that prompted Pisanelli to drive to Indian Avenue. Detective Martinez was in a car directly behind Pisanelli. As Pisanelli drove north on Indian Avenue, approaching its intersection with Indian Place, he saw a Malibu with three occupants and an unoccupied Monte Carlo parked on the right side of the street. He drove along the left side of the Malibu. The defendant attempted to drive off at a high rate of speed but Pisanelli was able to pull in front of the Malibu and block it.

Pisanelli approached the Malibu and asked the defendant for his operator's license, registration, and insurance card, which the defendant was unable to produce. Pisanelli issued a motor vehicle summons to the defendant, who gave his address as 190 Denver Avenue in Bridgeport. Pisanelli arrested the defendant, placed him in the rear seat of his patrol car and drove him to the police department on Congress Street. During the drive, Pisanelli did not question the defendant but the defendant spontaneously stated, "I brought that gun over to settle the score with [Johnson]."

Other Bridgeport police officers arrived on the scene: Rodrigues, Officer Ilidio Pereira, Detective Borrico and Detective John Tenn. Those officers interacted with Cohen and Johnson. Rodrigues asked Cohen if he could search the Monte Carlo. Cohen agreed, gave Rodrigues the keys, and stated that whatever is in there was not his. Rodrigues used the keys to open the trunk of the Monte Carlo, where he saw two handguns. Cohen was placed under arrest and later was charged with possession of firearms in a motor vehicle.

In May, 2016, the defendant was charged in a substitute information with criminal possession of a firearm by a person previously convicted of a felony in violation of § 53a-217(a)(1),³ possession of a weapon in a motor vehicle in violation of § 29-38(a),⁴ and carrying a pistol or revolver without a permit in violation of § 29-35(a).⁵ At trial, he stipulated that he was a convicted felon.

Cohen testified at trial that he was charged with two counts of possession of weapons in a motor vehicle and that he pleaded guilty to those charges and could be sentenced to ten years incarceration, execution suspended after five years in prison, with the right to argue for less. He, however, expected that the sentencing judge would be informed of his testimony in the present matter and that he would receive a sentence of probation only. Cohen also testified that he was convicted of two felonies in 2013, was sentenced to probation, and that he had violated his probation. Given his two prior felony convictions, Cohen knew that being charged in the present matter was a federal crime. In addition, Cohen had new charges pending against him in New Haven.

Marshal Robinson, a firearms examiner, testified that the Ruger handgun and the Smith & Wesson semi-automatic weapon retrieved from the trunk of the Monte Carlo were operable. Vincent Imbimbo, an employee of the state police firearms unit, testified that he was unable to locate a pistol permit issued to the defendant.

At the conclusion of the state's case-in-chief, counsel for the defendant orally moved that the charges against the defendant be dismissed on the ground that the state's key witness, Cohen, lacked credibility given his criminal record and the consideration he expected at his pending sentence. Cohen was the only person who testified that he saw the defendant with a gun. The court noted that Pisanelli testified that the defendant made an unsolicited statement that he had brought a gun with him. The court stated that the question of credibility was for the jury to determine and found, therefore, that there was sufficient evidence from which the jury reasonably could find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. The court, therefore, denied the defendant's motion to dismiss the charges.

The jury found the defendant guilty of all charges. On September 9, 2016, the court sentenced the defendant to ten years incarceration, two of which are mandatory, to be served concurrently with an unrelated conviction.⁶ The defendant appealed.

The defendant claims on appeal that there was insufficient evidence to establish his conviction of criminal possession of a firearm in violation of § 53a-217(a)(1),⁷ possession of a weapon in a motor vehicle in violation of § 29-38(a)⁸ and carrying a pistol without a permit in violation of § 29-35(a)⁹ because there is insufficient evidence that he possessed a handgun in his motor vehicle for which he did not have a permit. The defendant's claim basically challenges the jury's credibility determinations and, therefore, fails.

"In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we apply a two-part test. First, we construe the evidence in the light most favorable to sustaining the verdict. Second, we determine whether [on the basis of] the facts so construed and the inferences reasonably drawn therefrom the jury reasonably could have concluded that the cumulative force of the evidence established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt .... In evaluating evidence, the trier of fact is not required to accept as dispositive those inferences that are consistent with the defendant's innocence .... The trier may draw whatever inferences from the evidence or facts established by the evidence it deems to be reasonable and logical .... This does not require that each subordinate conclusion established by or inferred from the evidence, or even from other inferences, be proved beyond a reasonable doubt ... because this court has held that a jury's factual inferences that support a guilty verdict need only be reasonable." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Robert S. , 179 Conn. App. 831, 835, 181 A.3d 568, cert. denied, 328 Conn. 933, 183 A.3d 1177 (2018).

"In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, a court considers whether there is a reasonable view of the evidence that would support a guilty verdict .... In doing so, the court does not sit as a [seventh] juror who may cast a vote against the verdict based upon our feeling that some doubt of guilt is shown by the cold printed record .... [It] cannot substitute its own judgment for that of the jury if there is sufficient evidence to support the jury's verdict .... Thus, a court will not reweigh the evidence or resolve questions of credibility in determining whether the evidence was sufficient." (Citations omitted; emphasis in original; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Soto , 175 Conn. App. 739, 746–47, 168 A.3d 605, cert. denied, 327 Conn. 970, 173 A.3d 953 (2017).

The defendant claims that the state failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he possessed an operable handgun in a motor vehicle because the state's case primarily relied on Cohen's testimony. The defendant argues that Cohen was not a credible witness because he is a convicted felon, who testified that one of the handguns belonged to the defendant in order to avoid being sentenced to prison and to protect...