Chapter 47
for the
STATE OF TEXAS
Updated and Revised by
David R. McAtee II, Esq.
Senior Vice President and Assistant General Counsel
AT&T Services, Inc.
Dallas, Texas
A. Michael Warnecke, Esq.
Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP
Dallas, Texas
The Section of Antitrust Law thanks Kim Van Winkle, Assistant Attorney General,
Antitrust Section Chief, Texas Attorney General’s Office.
The Section gratefully acknowledges Jessica Greenwood, Esq., Matthew V. Lloyd,
Esq., and Alan M. Hayes, Esq., for their work updating this chapter.
Texas 47-iii
CONTENTS
1.
Introduction .................................................................................................... 1
1.a.
Overview ........................................................................................... 1
1.b.
Source of Law–Statutes and Other .................................................... 1
1.d.
Relation to Federal Law .................................................................... 2
1.e. and 1.f.
Remedies and Enforcement.............................................. 3
2.
The Per Se Rule and the Rule of Reason ........................................................ 4
3.
Horizontal Agreements Other Than Group Boycotts ..................................... 5
3.a.
Price Fixing ....................................................................................... 5
3.b.
Market Allocation ............................................................................. 6
3.c.
Customer Allocation ......................................................................... 6
3.d.
Bid Rigging ....................................................................................... 7
3.e.
Covenants Not to Compete ............................................................... 8
4.
Group Boycotts ............................................................................................. 12
4.a.
Concerted Refusals to Deal ............................................................. 12
4.b.
Expulsion or Exclusion from Membership in Trade
Associations or Other Groups ......................................................... 14
5.
Resale Price Maintenance ............................................................................. 14
5.a.
Generally ......................................................................................... 14
5.b.
Monsanto Rule ................................................................................ 15
5.c.
Impact of Leegin ............................................................................. 15
6.
Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Intrabrand ...................................................... 16
7.
Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Interbrand ...................................................... 18
8.
Tying Arrangements ..................................................................................... 22
9.
Dual Distribution .......................................................................................... 24
10.
Intracorporate Conspiracy............................................................................. 24
11.
Monopolization ............................................................................................. 25
11.a.
Monopolization ............................................................................... 25
11.b.
Attempts to Monopolize .................................................................. 25
11.c.
Monopoly Leveraging ..................................................................... 27
11.d.
Predatory Pricing ............................................................................. 28
11.e.
Conspiracy to Monopolize .............................................................. 29
12.
Mergers ......................................................................................................... 30
13.
Discrimination & Other Single Firm Pricing Regulation ............................. 32
13.a.
Price Discrimination ....................................................................... 32
13.a.1.
Territorial or Locality Discrimination ......................... 32
13.a.2
Buyer Liability ............................................................ 33
13.a.3.
Meeting Competition Defense .................................... 33
13.a.4
Functional Classifications ........................................... 33
13.a.5.
Preemption .................................................................. 33
13.a.6.
Other Defenses and Exemptions ................................. 33
13.a.7.
Brokerage .................................................................... 33
13.a.8.
Secret Payments or Allowances .................................. 33
13.a.9.
Promotional Allowances and Services ........................ 34
13.a.10.
Sales Below Cost and Loss Leaders............................ 34
