U.S. Bank Nat'l Ass'n v. Salvodon

189 A.D.3d 925

137 N.Y.S.3d 427

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, etc., appellant,

v.Clifton SALVODON, et al., defendants, Naudia Vassell, respondent.

2019–04169

Index No. 514009/17

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, New York.

Submitted—October 16, 2020

December 2, 2020

McCalla Raymer Liebert Pierce, LLC, New York, N.Y. (Anthony J. Risalvato of counsel), for appellant.

WILLIAM F. MASTRO, J.P., JOHN M. LEVENTHAL, SYLVIA O. HINDS–RADIX, JOSEPH J. MALTESE, JJ.

DECISION & ORDER

In an action to foreclose a mortgage, the plaintiff appeals from an order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Noach Dear, J.), dated January 28, 2019. The order, insofar as appealed from, denied that branch of the plaintiff's motion which was for summary judgment on the complaint insofar as asserted against the defendant Naudia Vassell and granted that defendant's cross motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against her as time-barred.

ORDERED that the order is affirmed insofar as appealed from, without costs or disbursements.

On October 31, 2006, the defendant Clifton Salvodon executed a note wherein he agreed to pay the principal amount of $460,000 to Countrywide Bank N.A. The note was secured by a mortgage given by Salvodon and the defendant Naudia Vassell (hereinafter the defendant), encumbering certain real property. On June 28, 2007, upon Salvodon's default under the terms of the loan, Countrywide Bank FSB, formerly known as Countrywide Bank N.A. (hereinafter Countrywide), commenced an action to foreclose the mortgage against Salvodon, the defendant, and others (hereinafter the 2007 foreclosure action). The complaint in that action alleged, in relevant part, that "[m]ore than thirty (30) days have elapsed" since the borrower's default and that the "plaintiff has elected ... to declare immediately due and payable the entire unpaid balance of principal." By order dated October 8, 2013, the complaint was dismissed because Countrywide failed to appear at a settlement conference.

On July 20, 2017, the plaintiff, as assignee of the note and mortgage, commenced the instant foreclosure action. The defendant interposed an answer wherein she asserted as an affirmative defense, inter alia, that the action was barred by the statute of limitations. Thereafter, the plaintiff moved, among other things, for summary judgment on the complaint insofar as asserted against the defendant, to strike her answer, and for an order of reference. The defendant opposed the motion and cross-moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against her as time-barred. In an order dated January 28, 2019, the Supreme Court denied the plaintiff's motion and granted the defendant's cross motion. The plaintiff appeals.

An action to foreclose a mortgage is governed by a six-year statute of limitations (see CPLR 213[4] ). "[E]ven if a mortgage is payable in installments, once a mortgage debt is accelerated, the entire amount is due and the Statute of Limitations begins to run on the entire debt" ( EMC Mtge. Corp. v. Patella , 279 A.D.2d 604, 605, 720 N.Y.S.2d 161 ). Acceleration of a mortgage debt occurs, inter alia, by the commencement of a foreclosure action which invokes that relief (see Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Lefkowitz , 171 A.D.3d 843, 844, 97 N.Y.S.3d 696 ; Milone v. U.S. Bank N.A. , 164 A.D.3d 145, 152, 83 N.Y.S.3d 524 ). Where the plaintiff, however, lacks standing to foreclose, the mortgage loan is not accelerated by the commencement of such an action (see Milone v. U.S. Bank N.A. , 164 A.D.3d at 153, 83 N.Y.S.3d 524 ).

Here, in support of her cross motion, the defendant established, prima facie, that the six-year statute of limitations (see CPLR 213[4] ) began to run on the entire debt in June 2007, when Countrywide commenced the 2007 foreclosure action seeking to recover the...