William Z. v. Kimberly Z.

212 A.D.3d 1036

182 N.Y.S.3d 343

In the Matter of WILLIAM Z., Respondent,

v.KIMBERLY Z., Appellant.

(Proceeding No. 1.)

In the Matter of William Z., Respondent,

v.Kimberly Z., Appellant.

(Proceeding No. 2.)

(And Another Related Proceeding.)

533118

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department, New York.

Calendar Date: December 15, 2022

Decided and Entered: January 26, 2023

Lisa K. Miller, McGraw, for appellant.

Christopher Hammond, Cooperstown, for respondent.

Allen E. Stone Jr., Vestal, attorney for the children.

Before: Garry, P.J., Lynch, Aarons, Reynolds Fitzgerald and Ceresia, JJ.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Garry, P.J. Appeal from a corrected order of the Family Court of Cortland County (David C. Alexander, J.), entered March 19, 2021, which, among other things, granted petitioner's application, in proceeding No. 2 pursuant to Family Ct Act article 6, for custody of the parties’ children.

Petitioner (hereinafter the father) and respondent (hereinafter the mother) are the parents of two children (born in 2009 and 2010). In the summer of 2019, the mother, the father and the children began living in the home of the maternal grandfather. In September 2019, the father became concerned with the grandfather's behavior after discovering the grandfather in the bathroom while one child was showering and, the next morning, in the children's bedroom before they were awake. Eventually, the children told the father that the grandfather was sexually abusing them. Afterward, the mother, the father and the children met to discuss the children's allegations. Following that discussion, the mother continued living in the grandfather's home, and the children returned to living with the father in the family's home. The father later learned that the children had already told the mother about the grandfather's abuse and that she had instructed them not to tell anyone, including the father. Thereafter, in February 2020, the father filed a family offense petition, alleging that the mother had endangered the welfare of the children by failing to address their allegations about the grandfather's abuse and allowing the abuse to continue. In March 2020, the father filed an initial custody petition, seeking sole custody of the children and to deny the mother visitation. Following a fact-finding hearing and a Lincoln hearing, Family Court dismissed the father's family offense petition, on consent, granted sole custody to the father and denied the mother visitation. The mother appeals.

In an initial custody determination, Family Court's paramount consideration is the best interests of the children (see Matter of Steven U. v. Alisha V., 209 A.D.3d 1184, 1184, 176 N.Y.S.3d 369 [3d Dept. 2022] ; Matter of Mary AA. v. Lonnie BB., 204 A.D.3d 1355, 1355, 167 N.Y.S.3d 230 [3d Dept. 2022] ). The factors to be considered include "the quality of the parents’ respective home environments, the need for stability in the child[ren]’s li[ves], each parent's willingness to promote a positive relationship between the child[ren] and the other parent and each parent's past performance, relative fitness and ability to provide for the child[ren]’s intellectual and emotional development and overall well-being" ( Matter of Patricia RR. v. Daniel SS., 172 A.D.3d 1471, 1472, 99 N.Y.S.3d 489 [3d Dept. 2019] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; accord Matter of Shirreece AA. v. Matthew BB., 195 A.D.3d 1085, 1087, 149 N.Y.S.3d 657 [3d Dept. 2021] ). As Family Court is in a superior position to assess witness credibility, we defer to its findings and will not disturb its determination so long as it is supported by a sound and substantial basis in the record (see Matter of Lorimer v. Lorimer, 167 A.D.3d 1263, 1264, 91 N.Y.S.3d 286 [3d Dept. 2018], appeal dismissed & lv. denied 33 N.Y.3d 1040, 103 N.Y.S.3d 13, 126 N.E.3d 1053 [2019] ; Matter of Spoor v. Carney, 149 A.D.3d 1209, 1210, 51 N.Y.S.3d 256 [3d Dept. 2017] ).

Contrary to the mother's argument, the testimony of the children's three mental health counselors, each of whom Family Court found credible, provided ample basis for the court's conclusion that the sexual abuse alleged took place and that the mother was aware of it but took no action to investigate the allegations or protect her children from their abuser. Although the mother and the grandfather dispute the children's allegations, the conflicting testimony presented a credibility determination for the court to resolve (see Matter of Colvin v. Polhamus, 145 A.D.3d 1350, 1352, 44 N.Y.S.3d 585 [3d Dept. 2016] ; Matter of Addie F., 22 A.D.3d 986, 987, 802 N.Y.S.2d 791 [3d Dept. 2005] ), and we discern no basis for disturbing the court's determination. That exposing the children further to the mother, who continues to deny that the abuse took place, would retraumatize them was explicitly supported by the counselors’ testimony, two of whom concluded that such a consequence is likely.¹ Accordingly, there is a sound and substantial basis in the record for the court's award of sole custody to the father (see Matter of Nicole V. v. Jordan U., 192 A.D.3d 1355, 1358, 144 N.Y.S.3d 249 [3d Dept. 2021] ; Matter of Anthony JJ. v. Joanna KK., 182 A.D.3d 743, 745–746, 122 N.Y.S.3d 725 [3d Dept. 2020] ).

As to Family Court's denial of visitation, a noncustodial parent enjoys a presumption that visitation will be granted; indeed, "[t]he denial of visitation to a noncustodial parent is a drastic remedy that may be ordered only if compelling reasons and substantial evidence exist showing that visitation would be detrimental to the child's welfare" ( Matter of Jessica D. v. Michael E., 182 A.D.3d...