Zachary C. v. Janaye D.

199 A.D.3d 1267

159 N.Y.S.3d 175

In the Matter of ZACHARY C., Appellant,

v.JANAYE D., Respondent.

(And Another Related Proceeding.)

532077

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department, New York.

Calendar Date: October 20, 2021

Decided and Entered: November 24, 2021

Lockhart Law Office PC, North Syracuse (Beth A. Lockhart of counsel), for appellant.

Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Albany (Robert S. Rosborough of counsel), for respondent.

Thomas Marcelle, Slingerlands, attorney for the child.

Before: Egan Jr., J.P., Lynch, Clark, Aarons and Reynolds Fitzgerald, JJ.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Egan Jr., J.P.

Appeal from an order of the Family Court of Fulton County (McAuliffe Jr., J.), entered September 10, 2019, which, among other things, dismissed petitioner's application, in a proceeding pursuant to Family Ct Act article 6, to modify a prior order of custody and visitation.

Petitioner (hereinafter the father) and respondent (hereinafter the mother) are the parents of a child (born in 2015). Family Court (Skoda, J.) issued a 2017 order that, upon the parties’ agreement, awarded them joint legal custody of the child, with the mother having primary physical placement and the father having parenting time from Thursday until Sunday one week, Tuesday until Friday the next, and two weeks of uninterrupted vacation time. Disputes thereafter arose between the parties over issues that included where the child should attend preschool, prompting the father to commence a proceeding in March 2018 seeking, as is relevant here, to modify the custodial arrangement and obtain primary physical placement. The mother then filed a modification petition seeking to, among other things, eliminate the father's weekday parenting time during the school year. At the fact-finding hearing on the petitions, the parties placed a partial settlement on the record agreeing upon the parenting schedule for several holidays and school recesses. Following the hearing, Family Court (McAuliffe Jr., J.) found that a change in circumstances had occurred and that the best interests of the child lie in granting the parties joint legal custody of the child, with the mother to retain primary physical placement and the father to have parenting time that included certain weekends during the school year and alternating weeks during the summer. The father appeals.¹

"A parent seeking to modify an existing custody order must first show that a change in circumstances has occurred since the entry of the existing custody order that then warrants an inquiry into what custodial arrangement is in the best interests of the child" ( Matter of Anthony YY. v. Emily ZZ., 189 A.D.3d 1924, 1924, 138 N.Y.S.3d 265 [2020] [citations omitted]; see Matter of Jeremy EE. v. Stephanie EE., 191 A.D.3d 1111, 1112, 141 N.Y.S.3d 557 [2021] ). As Family Court determined, their disagreements on certain parenting issues and the practical inability of them "alternating physical custody of a school-age child" during the work week given the distance between their residences constituted a change in circumstances ( Matter of Fritts v. Snyder, 139 A.D.3d 1143, 1145, 31 N.Y.S.3d 272 [2016] ; see Matter of Colvin v. Polhamus, 145 A.D.3d 1350, 1351, 44 N.Y.S.3d 585 [2016] ). The question accordingly became what custodial arrangement would serve the best interests of the child, an assessment involving the consideration of factors including "the quality of each parent's home environment, the need for stability in the child's life, the parents’ past performance, the willingness of each parent to foster a positive relationship between the child and the other parent and the ability to provide for the child's intellectual and emotional development and overall well-being" ( Matter of Jamie UU. v. Dametrius VV., 196 A.D.3d 759, 760–761, 151 N.Y.S.3d 221 [2021] ; see Matter of Daniel G. v. Marie H., 196 A.D.3d 801, 803, 151 N.Y.S.3d 475 [2021] ). We accord great deference to the fact-finding and credibility determinations of Family Court in determining that question, and will not disturb its findings so long as they are supported by a sound and substantial basis in the record (see Vickie F. v. Joseph G., 195 A.D.3d 1064, 1066, 149 N.Y.S.3d 671 [2021] ; Matter of Kelly CC. v. Zaron BB., 191 A.D.3d 1101, 1103, 141 N.Y.S.3d 559 [2021] ).

The hearing evidence left no doubt that both parties have a loving relationship with the child and, despite their issues with each other, understand the value of a positive relationship between the child and the other parent. The mother has been the primary caregiver for the child since his birth, however, and Family Court implicitly declined to credit the father's efforts to cast aspersion on her parenting skills. To the contrary, Family Court stressed that the mother had proven herself capable of working full time as a nurse while maintaining a household and caring for the child on her own. The mother further indicated that she was able to modify her work schedule, and was willing to find other work with more traditional hours, if such became necessary to care for the child. The child also enjoyed a close relationship with the mother's nearby relatives and an improving relationship with the mother's physician boyfriend – a man who the father refused to meet and perversely faulted for prescribing medication to treat the child's discomfort from a rash and an upset stomach. In addition, the child's maternal grandmother cared for the child on the occasions that the mother was unavailable. Moreover, the...