Case Law Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker

Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker

Document Cited Authorities (40) Cited in (22) Related (3)

OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE

Edward Bryan Krugman, John H. Rains, IV, Bondurant Mixson & Elmore, LLP, Anthony B. Askew, Stephen M. Schaetzel, McKeon Meunier Carlin & Curfman, LLC, Kristen A. Swift, Courtney Suzanne Werner, King & Spalding, LLP, Mary Josephine Leddy Volkert, State of Georgia Law Department, Laura Elisabeth Ashby, Miller & Martin, Atlanta, GA, Jonathan Bloom, R. Bruce Rich, Randi W. Singer, Todd D. Larson, Weil Gotshal & Manges, New York, NY, for Plaintiffs.

Katrina M. Quicker, Richard William Miller, Katrina M. Quicker, Ballard Spahr LLP, Stephen M. Schaetzel, Anthony B. Askew, McKeon Meunier Carlin & Curfman, LLC, Courtney Suzanne Werner, John Weldon Harbin, Kristen A. Swift, Mary Katherine Bates, Natasha Horne Moffitt, King & Spalding, LLP, Laura Elisabeth Ashby, Miller & Martin, Mary Josephine Leddy Volkert, State Of Georgia Law Department, Matthew P. Warenzak Smith Gambrell & Russell Atlanta, GA, for Defendants.

ORDER

ORINDA D. EVANS, District Judge.

Table of Contents
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦I.  ¦Case History                                                   ¦1201   ¦
+----+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------¦
¦    ¦                                                               ¦       ¦
+----+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------¦
¦II. ¦Eleventh Amendment Immunity and the Ex Parte Young Doctrine    ¦1205   ¦
+----+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------¦
¦    ¦                                                               ¦       ¦
+----+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------¦
¦III.¦Copyright Infringement and the Fair Use Defense                ¦1210   ¦
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------+
¦  ¦A.¦Findings of Fact                    ¦1211¦
+--+--+------------------------------------+----¦
¦  ¦B.¦Conclusions of Law                  ¦1221¦
+-----------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦    ¦    ¦1.  ¦Prima Facie Case of Copyright Infringement            ¦1221  ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦2.  ¦The Fair Use Defense                                  ¦1223  ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Factor 1: Purpose and Character of the Use, including ¦      ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦whether such use is of a commercial character or is   ¦1224  ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦for nonprofit educational purposes                    ¦      ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Factor 2: Nature of the Copyrighted Work              ¦1225  ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Factor 3: Amount and Substantiality of the Portion    ¦1227  ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Used in Relation to the Copyrighted Work as a Whole   ¦      ¦
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦a. ¦Classroom Guidelines                             ¦1227  ¦
+----+----+----+---+-------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦b. ¦Amount of the Portion Used in Relation to the    ¦1229  ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦Copyrighted Work as a Whole                      ¦      ¦
+----+----+----+---+-------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦c. ¦Substantiality of the Portion Used in Relation to¦1233  ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦the Copyrighted Work as a Whole                  ¦      ¦
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Factor 4: The Effect of the Use on the Potential      ¦1235  ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Market for or Value of the Copyrighted Work           ¦      ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Additional Considerations                             ¦1240  ¦
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦a. ¦Limited unpaid copying of excerpts will not deter¦1240  ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦academic authors from creating new academic works¦      ¦
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦The slight limitation of permissions income      ¦      ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦caused by the fair use authorized by this Order  ¦      ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦b. ¦will not appreciably diminish Plaintiffs' ability¦1240  ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦to publish scholarly works and will promote the  ¦      ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦spread of knowledge                              ¦      ¦
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------+
¦  ¦  ¦  ¦Summary of Fair Use Assessment   ¦1242¦
+-----------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------+
¦IV.¦Individual Infringement Claims                    ¦1243 ¦
+------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------+
¦  ¦A.¦Professor Murphy                    ¦1243¦
+--+--+------------------------------------+----¦
¦  ¦  ¦Maymester 2009: AL 8480             ¦    ¦
+-----------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------+
¦   ¦   ¦1. ¦Pronunciation Games (Cambridge)        ¦1244 ¦
+---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
¦   ¦   ¦2. ¦Keep Talking (Cambridge)               ¦1246 ¦
+---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
¦   ¦   ¦3. ¦More Grammar Games (Cambridge)         ¦1247 ¦
+---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
¦   ¦   ¦4. ¦Grammar Practice Activities (Cambridge)¦1248 ¦
+---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
¦   ¦   ¦5. ¦Five Minute Activities (Cambridge)     ¦1249 ¦
+---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
¦   ¦   ¦6. ¦Newspapers (Oxford)                    ¦1251 ¦
+---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
¦   ¦   ¦7. ¦Role Play (Oxford)                     ¦1252 ¦
+---------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------+
¦  ¦B.¦Professor Kaufmann                  ¦1253¦
+--+--+------------------------------------+----¦
¦  ¦  ¦Maymester 2009: EPRS 8500           ¦    ¦
+-----------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦    ¦    ¦8.  ¦The Craft of Inquiry (Oxford)                         ¦1253  ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦9.  ¦Handbook of Feminist Research (Sage)                  ¦1255  ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦10. ¦Handbook of Social Theory (Sage)                      ¦1256  ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦11. ¦The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (Third)     ¦1258  ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦(Sage)                                                ¦      ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦12. ¦The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (Second)    ¦1261  ¦
¦    ¦    ¦    ¦(Sage)                                                ¦      ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦13. ¦Handbook of Critical & Indigenous Methodologies (Sage)¦1262  ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦14. ¦Qualitative Research Practice (Sage)                  ¦1264  ¦
+----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
¦    ¦    ¦15. ¦Handbook of Narrative Inquiry (Sage)                  ¦1265  ¦
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------+
¦  ¦  ¦Summer 2009: EPRS 8510  ¦   ¦
+----------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦    ¦    ¦16. ¦The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research
...
5 cases
Document | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit – 2014
Cambridge Univ. Press, Oxford Univ. Press, Inc. v. Patton
"...monographs, which are “small, single author books which give in-depth analysis of a narrow topic,” Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1212 (N.D.Ga.2012) (footnote omitted), instructional books, trade books, and other works on academic topics. Sage primarily publishes books..."
Document | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit – 2014
Cambridge Univ. Press v. Patton
"...monographs, which are “small, single author books which give in-depth analysis of a narrow topic,” Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1212 (N.D.Ga.2012) (footnote omitted), instructional books, trade books, and other works on academic topics. Sage primarily publishes books..."
Document | U.S. District Court — Northern District of Florida – 2014
Singleton v. Dean
"...are original." Id. (citing Latimer v. Roaring Toyz, Inc., 601 F.3d 1224, 1232-33 (11th Cir. 2010); see also Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1221 (N.D. Ga. 2012) (citing Feist Publ'ns, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340, 361, 111 S.Ct. 1282, 1296, 113 L.Ed.2d 358..."
Document | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit – 2018
Cambridge Univ. Press v. Albert
"...court ruled that the University infringed the copyrights of the publishers in five instances. See Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker (Cambridge I ), 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1363–64 (N.D. Ga. 2012). The district court found that the publishers established a prima facie case for 48 instances of infr..."
Document | U.S. District Court — Northern District of Georgia – 2016
Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker
"...use of small excerpts did not affect Plaintiffs' actual or potential sales of books.’ " Op. at 94; Patton at 1276 (quoting Order at 74; Becker at 1236 ).(12) "[Therefore] this case [now] concerns not the market for Plaintiffs' original works themselves or for derivative works based upon t..."

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3 books and journal articles
Document | Núm. 29-1, 2021
Protecting the Public Domain and the Right to Use Copyrighted Works: Four Decades of the Eleventh Circuit's Copyright Law Jurisprudence
"...of photocopying and digital reproduction). 380. Cambridge Univ. Press v. Patton, 769 F.3d 1232 (11th Cir. 2014), rev'g and remanding 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190 (N.D. Ga. 2012).381. Id. at 1237.382. Id. at 1249.383. Id.384. Id. at 1263 (citing Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569, 579 ..."
Document | Núm. 101-2, January 2016 – 2016
Copyright for Literate Robots
"...while in theory distinguishable, are in truth uncomfortably close—but in the different 64. Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190, 1245–53, 1265, 1298, 1314, 1337 (N.D. Ga. 2012), rev’d on other grounds sub nom. Cambridge Univ. Press v. Patton, 769 F.3d 1232 (11th Cir. 2014)...."
Document | Núm. 64-2, January 2013
Liberating the Library: Fair Use Mostly Upheld for University E-reserves in Cambridge University Press v. Becker
"...the license companies want to be paid and they are willing to take your school to court to do so. Jennifer Findley*** --------Notes:1. 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190 (n.d. Ga. 2012).2. U.S.C. tit. 17, ch. 1-8 (2006). Although Congress enacted a Copyright Act in 1909, with the dawn of new technologies..."

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3 firm's commentaries
Document | JD Supra United States – 2015
DMCA Take-Down Notice: Best Practices
"...(see below) Rethinking Fair Use in the DMCA Context, Mitch Tuchman, September 18, 2015 Mitchell Tuchman Cambridge University Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1363 (N.D. Ga. 2012)-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font..."
Document | Mondaq United States – 2015
DMCA Take-Down Notice: Best Practices
"...has observed that "fair use principles are notoriously difficult to apply." See, for instance, Cambridge University Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1363 (N.D. Ga. 2012) (reversed on other grounds). And the leading treatise on copyright law opines, "Usually, fair use determinations are ..."
Document | JD Supra United States – 2020
Queen Anne’s Revenge, Indeed!: Copyright Conundrums, Sovereign States, and IP Piracy
"...intent is not relevant to a determination whether infringements occurred” in a copyright case, Cambridge University Press v. Becker, 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190, 1363 (N.D. Ga. 2012)(finding against Georgia State University after trial, notwithstanding 11th Amendment), reversed on non-11th Amendme..."

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3 books and journal articles
Document | Núm. 29-1, 2021
Protecting the Public Domain and the Right to Use Copyrighted Works: Four Decades of the Eleventh Circuit's Copyright Law Jurisprudence
"...of photocopying and digital reproduction). 380. Cambridge Univ. Press v. Patton, 769 F.3d 1232 (11th Cir. 2014), rev'g and remanding 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190 (N.D. Ga. 2012).381. Id. at 1237.382. Id. at 1249.383. Id.384. Id. at 1263 (citing Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569, 579 ..."
Document | Núm. 101-2, January 2016 – 2016
Copyright for Literate Robots
"...while in theory distinguishable, are in truth uncomfortably close—but in the different 64. Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190, 1245–53, 1265, 1298, 1314, 1337 (N.D. Ga. 2012), rev’d on other grounds sub nom. Cambridge Univ. Press v. Patton, 769 F.3d 1232 (11th Cir. 2014)...."
Document | Núm. 64-2, January 2013
Liberating the Library: Fair Use Mostly Upheld for University E-reserves in Cambridge University Press v. Becker
"...the license companies want to be paid and they are willing to take your school to court to do so. Jennifer Findley*** --------Notes:1. 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190 (n.d. Ga. 2012).2. U.S.C. tit. 17, ch. 1-8 (2006). Although Congress enacted a Copyright Act in 1909, with the dawn of new technologies..."

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5 cases
Document | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit – 2014
Cambridge Univ. Press, Oxford Univ. Press, Inc. v. Patton
"...monographs, which are “small, single author books which give in-depth analysis of a narrow topic,” Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1212 (N.D.Ga.2012) (footnote omitted), instructional books, trade books, and other works on academic topics. Sage primarily publishes books..."
Document | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit – 2014
Cambridge Univ. Press v. Patton
"...monographs, which are “small, single author books which give in-depth analysis of a narrow topic,” Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1212 (N.D.Ga.2012) (footnote omitted), instructional books, trade books, and other works on academic topics. Sage primarily publishes books..."
Document | U.S. District Court — Northern District of Florida – 2014
Singleton v. Dean
"...are original." Id. (citing Latimer v. Roaring Toyz, Inc., 601 F.3d 1224, 1232-33 (11th Cir. 2010); see also Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1221 (N.D. Ga. 2012) (citing Feist Publ'ns, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340, 361, 111 S.Ct. 1282, 1296, 113 L.Ed.2d 358..."
Document | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit – 2018
Cambridge Univ. Press v. Albert
"...court ruled that the University infringed the copyrights of the publishers in five instances. See Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker (Cambridge I ), 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1363–64 (N.D. Ga. 2012). The district court found that the publishers established a prima facie case for 48 instances of infr..."
Document | U.S. District Court — Northern District of Georgia – 2016
Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker
"...use of small excerpts did not affect Plaintiffs' actual or potential sales of books.’ " Op. at 94; Patton at 1276 (quoting Order at 74; Becker at 1236 ).(12) "[Therefore] this case [now] concerns not the market for Plaintiffs' original works themselves or for derivative works based upon t..."

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  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

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3 firm's commentaries
Document | JD Supra United States – 2015
DMCA Take-Down Notice: Best Practices
"...(see below) Rethinking Fair Use in the DMCA Context, Mitch Tuchman, September 18, 2015 Mitchell Tuchman Cambridge University Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1363 (N.D. Ga. 2012)-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font..."
Document | Mondaq United States – 2015
DMCA Take-Down Notice: Best Practices
"...has observed that "fair use principles are notoriously difficult to apply." See, for instance, Cambridge University Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1363 (N.D. Ga. 2012) (reversed on other grounds). And the leading treatise on copyright law opines, "Usually, fair use determinations are ..."
Document | JD Supra United States – 2020
Queen Anne’s Revenge, Indeed!: Copyright Conundrums, Sovereign States, and IP Piracy
"...intent is not relevant to a determination whether infringements occurred” in a copyright case, Cambridge University Press v. Becker, 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190, 1363 (N.D. Ga. 2012)(finding against Georgia State University after trial, notwithstanding 11th Amendment), reversed on non-11th Amendme..."

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Start a free trial