Wilson v. Circle K Stores, Inc. (In re Motor Fuel Temperature Sales Practices Litig. Zachary Wilson)

868 F.3d 1122

IN RE: MOTOR FUEL TEMPERATURE SALES PRACTICES LITIGATION

Zachary Wilson ; Mathew Cook; Brent Donaldson; Samantha Baylard; Craig Massey ; Richard Galauski; William Boyd; Lisa McBride; Tamara Miller ; Heartland Landscape Group LLC; Team Trucking; James Anliker; Dennis K. Mann; Phyllis Lerner ; Herb Glaser; Steven Rubin; Max Candiotty; Fred Aguirre; James Jarvais; Mara Redstone; Raphael Sagalyn ; J.C. Wash ; Jean W. Neese; Cecil R. Wilkins; Wayne Byram; Gary Kohut; Debra Berg; Tia Gomez; Shonna S. Butler; Ben Dozier; Mark Scivner; Barbara Cumbo; James Graham; Kennedy G. Kraatz; Melissa D. Murray; Michael A. Warner; Clinton J. Davis ; Steven R. Rutherford; Lisa Ann Lee; Brent Crawford ; Dixcee Millsap; Carl Ritterhouse; Samuel Ely; Victor Ruybalid; Hadley Bower; Kristy Deann Mott; Charles Cockrell, Jr.; William Ruttherford; Jan Rutherford; Mark Wyatt; Dawn Lalor; Gerald Panto, Jr.; Edger Paz; Charles D. Jones; Michael Gauthreaux; Joann Korleski; Jeff Jenkins; Sara Terry; Jacob Steed; Marvin Bryan; John Telles; Christopher Payne; Scott Campbell; Jonathan Charles Conlin; Priscilla Craft; Robert Hicks; Richard Patrick; Jessica Honigberg; Rayshaun Glanton; Garland Williams; Annie Smith; Bobby Roberson; Sam Hotchkiss; Anna Legates; Andrea Frayser; Melvin Ellison ; Cecil Wilkins; Betty Cherry; Joy Howell ; Allen Ray Klein, Plaintiffs-Appellees,

v.Circle K Stores, Inc.; Pilot Travel Centers, LLC; Kum&Go, L.C.; Quicktrip Corporation; Murphy Oil USA, Inc.; Race Trac Petroleum, Inc. ; Marathon Petroleum Company, LLC; The Pantry, Inc.; Speedway Superamerica, LLC; Sheetz, Inc.; Wawa, Inc.; Flying J Inc.; 7-Eleven, Inc.; Ptcaa Texas, LP; Defendants-appellants,

v.Chevron USA, Inc.; Casey's General Store, Inc.; Sinclair Oil Corporation; Exxon Mobil Corporation; Esso Virgin Islands, Inc. Mobil Oil Guam, Inc. ; BP Products North America Inc., Defendants-Appellees,andBP Corporation North America, Inc.; Citgo Petroleum Corporation; Conoco Phillips Company; Valero Marketing and Supply Company; SUNOCO Corporation; Equilon Enterprises, LLC, d/b/a Shell Oil Products Company, LLC; Motiva Enterprises, LLC; Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company; Sam's Club; Love's Travel Stop & Country Stores, Inc.; G and M Oil Company, Inc.; United El Segundo, Inc.; World Oil Corporation; M.M. Folwer, Inc.; Dansk Investment Group, Inc.; B-B Oil Company, Inc.; Port Cities Oil LLC; Flash Market, Inc; J&P Flash, Inc.; Magness Oil Company; Coulson Oil Company, Inc.; Diamond State Oil, LLC; Ez Mart Stores, Inc.; Thorntons, Inc., Defendants.

In re: Motor Fuel Temperature Sales Practices Litigation

Zachary Wilson ; Mathew Cook; Brent Donaldson; Samantha Baylard; Craig Massey ; Richard Galauski; William Boyd; Lisa McBride; Tamara Miller ; Heartland Landscape Group LLC; Team Trucking; James Anliker; Dennis K. Mann; Phyllis Lerner ; Herb Glaser; Steven Rubin; Max Candiotty; Fred Aguirre; James Jarvais; Mara Redstone; Raphael Sagalyn ; J.C. Wash ; Jean W. Neese; Cecil R. Wilkins; Wayne Byram; Gary Kohut; Debra Berg; Tia Gomez; Shonna S. Butler; Ben Dozier; Mark Scivner; Barbara Cumbo; James Graham; Kennedy G. Kraatz; Melissa D. Murray; Michael A. Warner; Clinton J. Davis ; Steven R. Rutherford; Lisa Ann Lee; Brent Crawford ; Dixcee Millsap; Carl Ritterhouse; Samuel Ely; Victor Ruybalid; Hadley Bower; Kristy Deann Mott; Charles Cockrell, Jr.; William Ruttherford; Jan Rutherford; Mark Wyatt; Dawn Lalor; Gerald Panto, Jr.; Edger Paz; Charles D. Jones; Michael Gauthreaux; Joann Korleski; Jeff Jenkins; Sara Terry; Jacob Steed; Marvin Bryan; John Telles; Christopher Payne; Scott Campbell; Jonathan Charles Conlin; Priscilla Craft; Robert Hicks; Richard Patrick; Jessica Honigberg; Rayshaun Glanton; Garland Williams; Annie Smith; Bobby Roberson; Sam Hotchkiss; Anna Legates; Andrea Frayser; Melvin Ellison ; Cecil Wilkins; Betty Cherry; Joy Howell ; Allen Ray Klein, Plaintiffs-Appellees,

v.Circle K Stores, Inc; Pilot Travel Centers, LLC; Kum&Go, L.C.; Quicktrip Corporation; Murphy Oil USA, Inc.; Race Trac Petroleum, Inc. ; Marathon Petroleum Company, LLC; The Pantry, Inc.; Speedway Superamerica, LLC; Sheetz, Inc.; Wawa, Inc.; Flying J Inc.; 7-Eleven, Inc.; Ptcaa Texas, LP, Defendants-Appellants,Chevron USA, Inc.; Casey's General Store, Inc.; Sinclair Oil Corporation; Exxon Mobil Corporation; Esso Virgin Islands, Inc. ; Mobil Oil Guam, Inc. ; BP Products North America Inc., Defendants-Appellees,andBP Corporation North America, Inc.; Citgo Petroleum Corporation; Conoco Phillips Company; Valero Marketing and Supply Company; SUNOCO Corporation; Equilon Enterprises, LLC, d/b/a Shell Oil Products Company, LLC; Motiva Enterprises, LLC; Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company; Sam's Club; Love's Travel Stop & Country Stores, Inc. ; G and M Oil Company, Inc.; United El Segundo, Inc.; World Oil Corporation; M.M. Folwer, Inc.; Dansk Investment Group, Inc.; B-B Oil Company, Inc.; Port Cities Oil LLC; Flash Market, Inc; J&P Flash, Inc.; Magness Oil Company; Coulson Oil Company, Inc.; Diamond State Oil, LLC; Ez Mart Stores, Inc.; Thorntons, Inc., Defendants.

In re: Motor Fuel Temperature Sales Practices Litigation

Zachary Wilson ; Mathew Cook; Brent Donaldson; Samantha Baylard; Craig Massey ; Richard Galauski; William Boyd; Lisa McBride; Tamara Miller ; Heartland Landscape Group LLC; Team Trucking; James Anliker; Dennis K. Mann; Phyllis Lerner ; Herb Glaser; Steven Rubin; Max Candiotty; Fred Aguirre; James Jarvais; Mara Redstone; Raphael Sagalyn ; J.C. Wash ; Jean W. Neese; Cecil R. Wilkins; Wayne Byram; Gary Kohut; Debra Berg; Tia Gomez; Shonna S. Butler; Ben Dozier; Mark Scivner; Barbara Cumbo; James Graham; Kennedy G. Kraatz; Melissa D. Murray; Michael A. Warner; Clinton J. Davis ; Steven R. Rutherford; Lisa Ann Lee; Brent Crawford ; Dixcee Millsap; Carl Ritterhouse; Samuel Ely; Victor Ruybalid; Hadley Bower; Kristy Deann Mott; Charles Cockrell, Jr.; William Ruttherford; Jan Rutherford; Mark Wyatt; Dawn Lalor; Gerald Panto, Jr.; Edger Paz; Charles D. Jones; Michael Gauthreaux; Joann Korleski; Jeff Jenkins; Sara Terry; Jacob Steed; Marvin Bryan; John Telles; Christopher Payne; Scott Campbell; Jonathan Charles Conlin; Priscilla Craft; Robert Hicks; Richard Patrick; Jessica Honigberg; Rayshaun Glanton; Garland Williams; Annie Smith; Bobby Roberson; Sam Hotchkiss; Anna Legates; Andrea Frayser; Melvin Ellison ; Cecil Wilkins; Betty Cherry; Joy Howell ; Allen Ray Klein, Plaintiffs-Appellees,

v.BP Corporation North America, Inc.; Citgo Petroleum Corporation; Conoco Phillips Company; Costco Wholesale Corporation; Exxon Mobil Corporation; Sinclair Oil Corporation; Valero Marketing and Supply Company; SUNOCO Corporation; Equilon Enterprises, LLC., d/b/a Shell Oil Products Company, LLC; Motiva Enterprises, LLC; Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company; Sam's Club; Love's Travel Stop & Country Stores, Inc.; G and M Oil Company, Inc.; United El Segundo, Inc.; World Oil Corporation; M.M. Folwer, Inc.; J&P Flash, Inc.; Dansk Investment Group, Inc.; Circle K Stores, Inc; Kum&Go, L.C.; Murphy Oil USA, Inc.; Marathon Petroleum Company, LLC; Flying J Inc.; 7-Eleven, Inc.; PTCAA Texas, LP; Pilot Travel Centers, LLC; Quicktrip Corporation; Race Trac Petroleum, Inc. ; The Pantry, Inc.; Speedway Superamerica, LLC; Sheetz, Inc.; Wawa, Inc.; B-B Oil Company, Inc.; Coulson Oil Company, Inc.; Port Cities Oil LLC; Flash Market, Inc.; J&P Flash, Inc.; Diamond State Oil, LLC; Magness Oil Company; Thornton's, Inc., Defendants,andChevron USA, Inc.; Ez Mart Stores, Inc.; Casey's General Store, Inc., Defendants-Appellees,

v.Melissa Holyoak; Adam Schulman; Amy Alkon; Nicolas S. Martin; Theodore H. Frank, Objectors-Appellants.

In re: Motor Fuel Temperature Sales Practices Litigation

Annie Smith; Christopher Payne; Phyllis Lerner ; Herb Glazer; Mara Redstone; Brent Crawford ; Victor Ruybald; Zach Wilson; Lisa McBride; Raphael Sagalyn ; Brent Donaldson; Gary Kohut; Richard Gaulauski; Charles Byram; Jean Neese; Shonna Butler; Gerald Panto, Jr.; Joann Korleski; Tamara Miller ; Priscilla Craft; Jeff Jenkins; James Graham, Class Representatives, Plaintiffs-Appellees,

v.Costco Wholesale Corporation, Defendant-appellant,andBP Products North America Inc.; BP West Coast Products, LLC; Casey's General Stores, Inc. ; Citgo Petroleum Corporation; Conocophillips Company; Equilon Enterprises LLC, d/b/a Shell Oil Products US; Motiva Enterprises LLC; Exxon Mobil Corporation; Mobil Oil Guam, Inc. ; Esso Virgin Islands, Inc. ; Sam's East, Inc.; Sam's West, Inc. ; Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.; Wal-Mart Stores East, LP; Sinclair Oil Corporation; Valero Marketing and Supply Company; Chevron U.S.A., Inc.; SUNOCO, Inc. (R&M); B-B Oil Company, Inc.; Coulson Oil Company, Inc.; Diamond State Oil, LLC; Flash Market, Inc.; J&P Flash, Inc.; Magness Oil Company; Port Cities Oil, LLC; E-Z Mart Stores, Inc.; Love's Travel Stop & Country Stores, Inc. ; WR Hess Company; M.M. Fowler, Inc., d/b/a Family Fare; Dansk Investment Group, Inc., f/k/a USA Petroleum Corporation; Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company; Thorntons, Inc.; G&m Oil Company, Inc.; G&M Oil Co., LLC; United El Segundo, Inc.; World Oil Corporation, Defendants,

v.Speedway LLC; 7-Eleven, Inc.; Circle K Stores, Inc; Kum & Go, L.C.; Marathon Petroleum Company LP; Murphy Oil USA, Inc.; Pilot Travel Centers, LLC; Flying J Inc.; Ptcaa Texas, LP; Racetrac Petroleum, Inc.; Quiktrip Corporation; Sheetz, Inc.; The Pantry, Inc.; Wawa, Inc., Objectors.

No. 15-3221

No. 15-3227

No. 15-3228

No. 15-3254

United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.

August 23, 2017

MORITZ, Circuit Judge.

Consumers purchase gasoline by the gallon. But gas expands as it heats up. And that means the number of molecules — and, accordingly, the amount of energy — in a gallon of gas will vary based on the temperature at which it's dispensed. Yet retailers don't control for the effects of temperature when they sell gas to consumers. So consumers who purchase gas dispensed at higher temperatures may be getting less energy than they expect.

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